Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 3 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2Program Introduction 2The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 221st Century Teaching and Learning 3The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5Cultural Connections 7Land-Based Learning 7Technology 7Sustainability 7Program Implementation 8Program Resources 8Classroom Environment 11Planning Units—Timelines 12Classroom Management 12Classroom Safety 12Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12Observing 12Questioning 13Exploring 13Classifying 13Measuring 14Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14Predicting 15Inferring 15Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 16Inquiry Through Research 16Online Considerations 17Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 17Technological Problem Solving 17Makerspace 18The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 20Assessment for Learning 21Assessment as Learning 21Assessment of Learning 22Performance Assessment 23Portfolios 23Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 24Important Note to Teachers 24References 25Assessment Reproducibles 26Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 41Unit 1: Growth and Changes in Plants 43Introduction 44Unit Overview 48Curriculum Correlation 49Resources for Students 51Websites 531 What Do We Know About Plants and Their Needs? 562 What Are the Parts of a Plant? 613 What Are Some Special Features of Plants? 654 How Do Plants Adapt in Order to Survive? 735 What Is the Life Cycle of a Plant? 786 What Parts of Plants Do We Eat? 847 What Are the Different Ways in Which Plants Are Grown for Food? 898 How Can We Investigate the Needs of Plants? 949 How Can We Design a Terrarium to Sustain Living Things? 10010 In What Other Ways Are Plants Important to Humans? 10511 How Can Dye Be Made From Plants? 10912 How Do Plants and Animals Depend on Each Other? 11413 How Do Plants Help Reduce Erosion? 11814 How Can We Protect Plants? 12215 Inquiry Project: What More Can I Learn About Plant Products? 126Unit 2: Strong and Stable Structures 129Introduction 130Unit Overview 133Curriculum Correlation 134Resources for Students 135Websites and Online Videos 1361 What Is a Structure? 1382 Where Are Structures Found? 1433 Which Materials Are Stronger Than Others? 1474 What Are Joints? 1545 How Can We Build Structures to Be Stronger and More Stable? 1606 How Can We Build a Frame That Is Strong and Stable? 1657 What Structures Has Nature Engineered? 1708 How Are Structures Around the World Similar and Different? 1769 What Are Some Careers in Design and Building? 18110 What Other Structures Can We Build? 18511 Inquiry Project: What More Can I Learn About Important Buildings and Structures? 192Unit 3: Forces Causing Movement 195Introduction 196Unit Overview 199Curriculum Correlation 200Resources for Students 201Websites and Online Videos 2031 What Is a Force? 2062 How Is a Force a Push or a Pull? 2103 What Is Friction? 2144 Which Objects Do Magnets Attract? 2175 How Is a Magnet Made? 2226 How Can a Magnetic Force Be Altered? 2267 How Is Earth Like a Giant Magnet? 2328 What Are Helpful Uses and Harmful Effects of Magnets? 2379 What Is Static Electricity, and How Is It Created? 24010 How Does Humidity Affect Static Electricity? 24411 How Can the Force of Static Electricity Be Demonstrated Safely? 24812 How Does an Electroscope Work? 25213 What Effect Does Gravity Have on Different Objects? 25514 What Are Some Forces of Nature? 26215 How Are Forces Used to Move Toys? 26616 How Can Safety Devices Be Used to Reduce the Effects of Forces? 27017 Inquiry Project: How Can I Design a Toy or Game That Uses Forces? 273Unit 4: Soils in the Environment 277Introduction 278Unit Overview 281Curriculum Correlation 282Resources for Students 283Websites and Online Videos 2851 What Do We Know About Soil? 2872 What Are the Different Types of Soil? 2913 How Can Soil Components Be Separated? 2974 How Much Water Can Different Soil Types Absorb? 3015 How Do Different Soils Affect the Growth of Plants? 3066 What Lives in Soil? 3127 How Does Rainfall Affect Soil? 3168 How Can Organic Materials Be Recycled? 3209 How Do Humans Use Earth Materials? 32510 Inquiry Project: What More Can We Learn About Products Made From Earth Materials? 328References 333Appendix: Image Banks 335About the Contributors 353

Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 3 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2Program Introduction 2The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 221st Century Teaching and Learning 3The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5Cultural Connections 7Land-Based Learning 7Technology 7Sustainability 7Program Implementation 8Program Resources 8Classroom Environment 11Planning Units—Timelines 12Classroom Management 12Classroom Safety 12Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12Observing 12Questioning 13Exploring 13Classifying 13Measuring 14Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14Predicting 15Inferring 15Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 16Inquiry Through Research 16Online Considerations 17Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 17Technological Problem Solving 17Makerspace 18The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 20Assessment for Learning 21Assessment as Learning 21Assessment of Learning 22Performance Assessment 23Portfolios 23Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 24Important Note to Teachers 24References 25Assessment Reproducibles 26Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 41Unit 1: Growth and Changes in Plants 43Introduction 44Unit Overview 48Curriculum Correlation 49Resources for Students 51Websites 531 What Do We Know About Plants and Their Needs? 562 What Are the Parts of a Plant? 613 What Are Some Special Features of Plants? 654 How Do Plants Adapt in Order to Survive? 735 What Is the Life Cycle of a Plant? 786 What Parts of Plants Do We Eat? 847 What Are the Different Ways in Which Plants Are Grown for Food? 898 How Can We Investigate the Needs of Plants? 949 How Can We Design a Terrarium to Sustain Living Things? 10010 In What Other Ways Are Plants Important to Humans? 10511 How Can Dye Be Made From Plants? 10912 How Do Plants and Animals Depend on Each Other? 11413 How Do Plants Help Reduce Erosion? 11814 How Can We Protect Plants? 12215 Inquiry Project: What More Can I Learn About Plant Products? 126Unit 2: Strong and Stable Structures 129Introduction 130Unit Overview 133Curriculum Correlation 134Resources for Students 135Websites and Online Videos 1361 What Is a Structure? 1382 Where Are Structures Found? 1433 Which Materials Are Stronger Than Others? 1474 What Are Joints? 1545 How Can We Build Structures to Be Stronger and More Stable? 1606 How Can We Build a Frame That Is Strong and Stable? 1657 What Structures Has Nature Engineered? 1708 How Are Structures Around the World Similar and Different? 1769 What Are Some Careers in Design and Building? 18110 What Other Structures Can We Build? 18511 Inquiry Project: What More Can I Learn About Important Buildings and Structures? 192Unit 3: Forces Causing Movement 195Introduction 196Unit Overview 199Curriculum Correlation 200Resources for Students 201Websites and Online Videos 2031 What Is a Force? 2062 How Is a Force a Push or a Pull? 2103 What Is Friction? 2144 Which Objects Do Magnets Attract? 2175 How Is a Magnet Made? 2226 How Can a Magnetic Force Be Altered? 2267 How Is Earth Like a Giant Magnet? 2328 What Are Helpful Uses and Harmful Effects of Magnets? 2379 What Is Static Electricity, and How Is It Created? 24010 How Does Humidity Affect Static Electricity? 24411 How Can the Force of Static Electricity Be Demonstrated Safely? 24812 How Does an Electroscope Work? 25213 What Effect Does Gravity Have on Different Objects? 25514 What Are Some Forces of Nature? 26215 How Are Forces Used to Move Toys? 26616 How Can Safety Devices Be Used to Reduce the Effects of Forces? 27017 Inquiry Project: How Can I Design a Toy or Game That Uses Forces? 273Unit 4: Soils in the Environment 277Introduction 278Unit Overview 281Curriculum Correlation 282Resources for Students 283Websites and Online Videos 2851 What Do We Know About Soil? 2872 What Are the Different Types of Soil? 2913 How Can Soil Components Be Separated? 2974 How Much Water Can Different Soil Types Absorb? 3015 How Do Different Soils Affect the Growth of Plants? 3066 What Lives in Soil? 3127 How Does Rainfall Affect Soil? 3168 How Can Organic Materials Be Recycled? 3209 How Do Humans Use Earth Materials? 32510 Inquiry Project: What More Can We Learn About Products Made From Earth Materials? 328References 333Appendix: Image Banks 335About the Contributors 353