Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 5 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2 Program Introduction 2 The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 2 21st Century Teaching and Learning 3 The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3 Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4 Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4 Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5 Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5 Cultural Connections 7 Land-Based Learning 7 Technology 7 Sustainability 7 Program Implementation 8 Program Resources 8 Classroom Environment 11 Planning Units—Timelines 12 Classroom Management 12 Classroom Safety 12 Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12 Observing 12 Questioning 13 Exploring 13 Classifying 13 Measuring 14 Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14 Predicting 16 Inferring 16 Inquiry Through Investigation and Experiments 16 Inquiry Through Research 17 Online Considerations 18 Addressing Students’ Literacy Needs 18 Technological Problem Solving 18 Makerspace 19 The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 21Assessment for Learning 22 Assessment as Learning 22 Assessment of Learning 23 Performance Assessment 24 Portfolios 24 Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 25 Important Note to Teachers 25 References 26 Assessment Reproducibles 27 Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 42 Unit 1: Human Organ Systems 45Introduction 46 Unit Overview 50 Curriculum Correlation 51 Resources for Students 52 1 What Do We Know About Keeping Our Bodies Healthy? 56 2 Why Does What We Eat Matter? 61 3 What Happens to Food After We Eat It? 71 4 Why Is Water Important for a Healthy Body? 77. 5 How Can We Design and Construct a Model of the Digestive System? 81 6 Why Is Healthy Blood Red? 85 7 How Does Exercise Affect Your Heart and Lungs? 92 8 How Do Healthy Joints, Bones, and Muscles Help You Move? 100 9 How Does the Brain Send Messages to the Rest of the Body? 107 10 How Does Skin Protect Our Bodies? 113 11 How Do Our Bodies Fight Illness and Injury? 118 12 How Do I Keep My Body Healthy? 126 13 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Keeping My Body Healthy? 129 Unit 2: Forces Acting on Structures and Mechanisms 133Introduction 134 Unit Overview 138 Curriculum Correlation 139 Resources for Students 140 1 What Do We Know About Forces and Structures? 143 2 How Do Bridges Withstand Forces? 148 3 What Can We Learn About Forces and Machines? 154 4 How Does a Lever Make Work Easier? 158 5 How Does an Inclined Plane Make Work Easier? 167 6 How Does a Screw Make Work Easier? 171 7 How Does a Wedge Make Work Easier? 174 8 How Do Forces of Nature Affect the Environment? 178 9 How Can We Protect Ourselves From Forces in Our Environment? 184 10 Inquiry Project: How Can We Design a Structure to Withstand Forces in the Environment? 188 Unit 3: Properties of and Changes in Matter 191Introduction 192 Unit Overview 195 Curriculum Correlation 196 Resources for Students 197 1 What Do We Know About the Properties of Matter? 200 2 What Are Some Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases? 205 3 How Do Substances Interact With Water? 212 4 How Do Substances Interact to Produce Gases? 217 5 How Can We Measure and Compare the Mass of Objects? 221 6 How Does Water Behave as it Melts, Freezes, Evaporates, or Condenses? 227 7 What Is a Physical Change? 233 8 How Can We Identify a Chemical Change? 237 9 How Does Food Preparation Depend on Physical and Chemical Changes? 242 10 How Can We Practise Safety With Household Chemicals? 248 11 What Is the Life Cycle of a Manufactured Product? 252 12 Inquiry Project: How Can We Create and Evaluate Household Products? 256 Unit 4: Conservation of Energy and Resources 261Introduction 262 Unit Overview 266 Curriculum Correlation 267 Resources for Students 268 1 What Do We Know About Energy? 271 2 What Can We Learn About Different Forms of Energy? 277 3 How Is Energy Transformed? 282 4 What Are Fossil Fuels? 286 5 What Are Renewable Energy Resources? 291 6 What Is Solar Power? 297 7 What Is Water Power? 300 8 How Do Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Compare? 304 9 How Can We Conserve Energy? 307 10 Why Is It Important to Recycle? 314 11 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Energy? 319 References 322 Appendix: Image Banks 323About the Contributors 335

Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 5 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2 Program Introduction 2 The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 2 21st Century Teaching and Learning 3 The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3 Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4 Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4 Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5 Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5 Cultural Connections 7 Land-Based Learning 7 Technology 7 Sustainability 7 Program Implementation 8 Program Resources 8 Classroom Environment 11 Planning Units—Timelines 12 Classroom Management 12 Classroom Safety 12 Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12 Observing 12 Questioning 13 Exploring 13 Classifying 13 Measuring 14 Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14 Predicting 16 Inferring 16 Inquiry Through Investigation and Experiments 16 Inquiry Through Research 17 Online Considerations 18 Addressing Students’ Literacy Needs 18 Technological Problem Solving 18 Makerspace 19 The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 21Assessment for Learning 22 Assessment as Learning 22 Assessment of Learning 23 Performance Assessment 24 Portfolios 24 Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 25 Important Note to Teachers 25 References 26 Assessment Reproducibles 27 Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 42 Unit 1: Human Organ Systems 45Introduction 46 Unit Overview 50 Curriculum Correlation 51 Resources for Students 52 1 What Do We Know About Keeping Our Bodies Healthy? 56 2 Why Does What We Eat Matter? 61 3 What Happens to Food After We Eat It? 71 4 Why Is Water Important for a Healthy Body? 77. 5 How Can We Design and Construct a Model of the Digestive System? 81 6 Why Is Healthy Blood Red? 85 7 How Does Exercise Affect Your Heart and Lungs? 92 8 How Do Healthy Joints, Bones, and Muscles Help You Move? 100 9 How Does the Brain Send Messages to the Rest of the Body? 107 10 How Does Skin Protect Our Bodies? 113 11 How Do Our Bodies Fight Illness and Injury? 118 12 How Do I Keep My Body Healthy? 126 13 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Keeping My Body Healthy? 129 Unit 2: Forces Acting on Structures and Mechanisms 133Introduction 134 Unit Overview 138 Curriculum Correlation 139 Resources for Students 140 1 What Do We Know About Forces and Structures? 143 2 How Do Bridges Withstand Forces? 148 3 What Can We Learn About Forces and Machines? 154 4 How Does a Lever Make Work Easier? 158 5 How Does an Inclined Plane Make Work Easier? 167 6 How Does a Screw Make Work Easier? 171 7 How Does a Wedge Make Work Easier? 174 8 How Do Forces of Nature Affect the Environment? 178 9 How Can We Protect Ourselves From Forces in Our Environment? 184 10 Inquiry Project: How Can We Design a Structure to Withstand Forces in the Environment? 188 Unit 3: Properties of and Changes in Matter 191Introduction 192 Unit Overview 195 Curriculum Correlation 196 Resources for Students 197 1 What Do We Know About the Properties of Matter? 200 2 What Are Some Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases? 205 3 How Do Substances Interact With Water? 212 4 How Do Substances Interact to Produce Gases? 217 5 How Can We Measure and Compare the Mass of Objects? 221 6 How Does Water Behave as it Melts, Freezes, Evaporates, or Condenses? 227 7 What Is a Physical Change? 233 8 How Can We Identify a Chemical Change? 237 9 How Does Food Preparation Depend on Physical and Chemical Changes? 242 10 How Can We Practise Safety With Household Chemicals? 248 11 What Is the Life Cycle of a Manufactured Product? 252 12 Inquiry Project: How Can We Create and Evaluate Household Products? 256 Unit 4: Conservation of Energy and Resources 261Introduction 262 Unit Overview 266 Curriculum Correlation 267 Resources for Students 268 1 What Do We Know About Energy? 271 2 What Can We Learn About Different Forms of Energy? 277 3 How Is Energy Transformed? 282 4 What Are Fossil Fuels? 286 5 What Are Renewable Energy Resources? 291 6 What Is Solar Power? 297 7 What Is Water Power? 300 8 How Do Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Compare? 304 9 How Can We Conserve Energy? 307 10 Why Is It Important to Recycle? 314 11 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Energy? 319 References 322 Appendix: Image Banks 323About the Contributors 335

Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 5 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2 Program Introduction 2 The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 2 21st Century Teaching and Learning 3 The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3 Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4 Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4 Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5 Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5 Cultural Connections 7 Land-Based Learning 7 Technology 7 Sustainability 7 Program Implementation 8 Program Resources 8 Classroom Environment 11 Planning Units—Timelines 12 Classroom Management 12 Classroom Safety 12 Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12 Observing 12 Questioning 13 Exploring 13 Classifying 13 Measuring 14 Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14 Predicting 16 Inferring 16 Inquiry Through Investigation and Experiments 16 Inquiry Through Research 17 Online Considerations 18 Addressing Students’ Literacy Needs 18 Technological Problem Solving 18 Makerspace 19 The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 21Assessment for Learning 22 Assessment as Learning 22 Assessment of Learning 23 Performance Assessment 24 Portfolios 24 Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 25 Important Note to Teachers 25 References 26 Assessment Reproducibles 27 Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 42 Unit 1: Human Organ Systems 45Introduction 46 Unit Overview 50 Curriculum Correlation 51 Resources for Students 52 1 What Do We Know About Keeping Our Bodies Healthy? 56 2 Why Does What We Eat Matter? 61 3 What Happens to Food After We Eat It? 71 4 Why Is Water Important for a Healthy Body? 77. 5 How Can We Design and Construct a Model of the Digestive System? 81 6 Why Is Healthy Blood Red? 85 7 How Does Exercise Affect Your Heart and Lungs? 92 8 How Do Healthy Joints, Bones, and Muscles Help You Move? 100 9 How Does the Brain Send Messages to the Rest of the Body? 107 10 How Does Skin Protect Our Bodies? 113 11 How Do Our Bodies Fight Illness and Injury? 118 12 How Do I Keep My Body Healthy? 126 13 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Keeping My Body Healthy? 129 Unit 2: Forces Acting on Structures and Mechanisms 133Introduction 134 Unit Overview 138 Curriculum Correlation 139 Resources for Students 140 1 What Do We Know About Forces and Structures? 143 2 How Do Bridges Withstand Forces? 148 3 What Can We Learn About Forces and Machines? 154 4 How Does a Lever Make Work Easier? 158 5 How Does an Inclined Plane Make Work Easier? 167 6 How Does a Screw Make Work Easier? 171 7 How Does a Wedge Make Work Easier? 174 8 How Do Forces of Nature Affect the Environment? 178 9 How Can We Protect Ourselves From Forces in Our Environment? 184 10 Inquiry Project: How Can We Design a Structure to Withstand Forces in the Environment? 188 Unit 3: Properties of and Changes in Matter 191Introduction 192 Unit Overview 195 Curriculum Correlation 196 Resources for Students 197 1 What Do We Know About the Properties of Matter? 200 2 What Are Some Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases? 205 3 How Do Substances Interact With Water? 212 4 How Do Substances Interact to Produce Gases? 217 5 How Can We Measure and Compare the Mass of Objects? 221 6 How Does Water Behave as it Melts, Freezes, Evaporates, or Condenses? 227 7 What Is a Physical Change? 233 8 How Can We Identify a Chemical Change? 237 9 How Does Food Preparation Depend on Physical and Chemical Changes? 242 10 How Can We Practise Safety With Household Chemicals? 248 11 What Is the Life Cycle of a Manufactured Product? 252 12 Inquiry Project: How Can We Create and Evaluate Household Products? 256 Unit 4: Conservation of Energy and Resources 261Introduction 262 Unit Overview 266 Curriculum Correlation 267 Resources for Students 268 1 What Do We Know About Energy? 271 2 What Can We Learn About Different Forms of Energy? 277 3 How Is Energy Transformed? 282 4 What Are Fossil Fuels? 286 5 What Are Renewable Energy Resources? 291 6 What Is Solar Power? 297 7 What Is Water Power? 300 8 How Do Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Compare? 304 9 How Can We Conserve Energy? 307 10 Why Is It Important to Recycle? 314 11 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About Energy? 319 References 322 Appendix: Image Banks 323About the Contributors 335