'This [book] is a brave initiative, clearly marking off [the author's] analysis from existing research in the field. Dr Shen is to be warmly congratulated on making a fresh and important contribution to this field; [this] book deserves every success and will surely become an essential work of reference.' Simon Roberts, Professor in Law,London School of Economics

• Chapter 1. Rethinking the New York Convention Chapter 2. The New York Convention and Darwinian Legal Theory 1. Darwinian Evolutionary Theory 2. Legal Evolutionary Theory 3. The Application of Darwinian Theory in the Legal Sphere 4. The New York Convention and Darwinian Evolutionary Theory 4.1. The Origin of Arbitration and Core Memetic Code 4.2. The Hostility towards Arbitration by Courts in Common Law Jurisdictions 4.3. The Long Journey to the New York Convention The Geneva Protocol of 1923 The Geneva Convention of 1927 The New York Convention of 1958 4.4. Mutation and the New York Convention European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of 1961 Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters of 1968 Moscow Convention of 1972 Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (Panama Convention of 1975) Riyadh Arab Agreement on Judicial Cooperation of 1977 Amman Arab Convention on Commercial Arbitration of 1987 The Model Law 5. Environmental Changes and the New York Convention 5.1. Globalisation and its Impact on Arbitration Law 5.1.2. Sovereignty and De-nationalisation 5.1.3. Harmonisation of Arbitration Law 5.2. New York Convention and New Technology 5.2.1. New Technology, Commerce and Law . 5.2.2. New Technology and E-based Arbitration 5.2.3. Impact of New Technologies on the New York Convention 6. New Direction of the New York Convention Chapter 3. Enforcement of Annulled Awards, Delocalisation and Game Theory 1. From Hilmarton to Chromalloy: Case Law Study 1.1. Hilmarton Saga in France 1.2. Chromalloy Case: a Dilemma 1.3. Why are Hilmarton and Chromalloy Special? 2. Articles V and VII of the New York Convention 3. Legal Nature of an Annulled Award 4. Game Theory and Its Application 4.1. Prisoner's Dilemma and Strategic Behaviour 4.2. Race to the Bottom in Regulatory Contexts - Some Examples Involving States 5. Game Theory, Enforcement of Annulled Awards and the New York Convention . 5.1. Legitimate Expectations of Private Parties in Arbitration 5.2. Public Interests of Nations in Enforcing Annulled Awards 5.3. Dual Control Mechanism, Delocalisation and Judicial Competition 5.4. Tensions between Rendition and Enforcement Forums and Gaming Settings 6. "Second Look " at the New York Convention 6.1. Goals of the New York Convention 6.2. Limits for Discounting Annulment under the New York Convention 7. Upgrading the New York Convention - Preliminary Thoughts Chapter 4. Lex Mercatoria and the New York Convention 1. Conceptualisation of Lex Mercatoria 2. Evolution of Lex Mercatoria: A Historical Perspective 2.1. Medieval Law Merchant and Self-Regulation of Commerce Mercatoria 3. The Nature of Lex Mercatoria in the Legal Realm 3.1. Relationship between Lex Mercatoria and National Laws 3.2. Lex Mercatoria: Effective Tool to Fill Gaps in Commercial Contracts? 3.3. Lex Mercatoria and Principles of Good Faith and Fairness 3.4. Lex Mercatoria and Legal Process 3.4.1. Uniformity and Predictability of the Proceedings 3.4.2. Judicial Review of the Court 4. Lex Mercatoria and International Commercial Arbitration 4.1. Inherent Features of Arbitration and Lex Mercatoria 4.2. Necessity of Arbitrators' Discretion 4.3. Recognition of Lex Mercatoria in Major Jurisdictions 4.3.1. England and Other Common Law Jurisdictions 4.3.2. France and Other Continental European Countries 4.3.3. The United States 5. Revival of Lex Mercatoria and International Commercial Arbitration 5.1. Lex Mercatoria and Globalisation: An Evolutionary Perspective 5.2. Unification of Commercial Law and Rise of "Soft Law" 5.3. Infrastructure of Lex Mercatoria and Arbitration 5.4. Commercial Justification of Lex Mercatoria in the Commercial World 5.5. Positivist Rhetoric and Jurisprudential Justification of Lex Mercatoria in a Globalised Period 6. New Lex Mercatoria and Neo-New York Convention Chapter 5. Public Policy and the New York Convention 1. Concept and Practice of Public Policy 1.1. Arbitrability and Public Policy 1.2. Public Policy in Article V(2)(b) of the New York Convention 2. Judicial Approaches to Public Policy 2.1. Substantive Public Policy versus Procedural Public Policy 2.2. Domestic Public Policy versus International Public Policy 2.3. Prescriptive Public Policy versus Normative Public Policy 3. Normative Public Policy in the Gaming Context 3.1. Normative Public Policy - Efficiency-centred Approach to Public Policy 3.1.1. Legislatures 3.1.2. Courts Arbitrators 3.2. Voice or Exit as a Potential Solution to Inefficient Public Policy 3.3. Jurisdictional Competition as an Alternative to Formulate Efficient Public Policy 3.4. Cooperation among States to Formulate Efficient Public Policy 4. Construction of Normative Public Policy in International Arbitration 4.1. Impediments to Adoption of a "Federalism" Court . 4.2. Global Legislation 5. Public Policy, Rule of Law and Globalisation 5.1. Legal Rationality, Rights Hypothesis and Predictability 5.1.1. The Idea of Rights 5.1.2. The Notion of Predictability 5.2. Legal Order and Transplant 6. Harmonisation of Public Policy Rules and International Law-making Process 7. Summary Chapter 6. Neo-New York Convention 1. Four Dilemmas of the New York Convention 1.1. Dilemma of the Past, Present and Future of the New York Convention 1.2. Dilemma of Tensions between Rendition and Enforcing Forums 1.3. Dilemma of Hard Law, Soft Law and Lex Mercatoria 1.4. Dilemma of Public Policy and Party Autonomy 2. Two "New" Theories 2.1. Game Theory and Judicial Competition 2.2. Darwinian Theory and Evolution of Law 3. One Core Question - Improving the New York Convention in the Globalised World in the 21st Century 4. How to Reform the New York Convention? Bibliography