Edited by Andrew J. Jordan, Professor of Environmental Policy, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and John R. Turnpenny, School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, UK

’The development of the policy analysis field has had at least two quite different trajectories. One started in the US, emphasizing the policy formulation stage, while the other developed largely in Europe, highlighting the implementation process. This volume indicates how the two paths have intersected. The thirteen chapters offer new insights to both groups and draw on a broad span of literatures to explore this topic, with contributions from nearly forty individuals across the globe. Its discussion of tools of policy formulation, as well as the analysis of actors, capacities, venues and effects, sets the structure for a future agenda.’

• ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsPART I INTRODUCTION1. The Tools of Policy Formulation: An IntroductionJohn R. Turnpenny, Andy J. Jordan, David Benson and Tim RaynerPART II TOOLS OF POLICY FORMULATION2. Participatory Assessment: Tools for Empowering, Learning and Legitimating?Matthijs Hisschemöller and Eefje Cuppen3. Scenarios: Tools for Coping with Complexity and Future UncertaintyMarta Pérez-Soba and Rob Maas4. Indicators: Tools for Informing, Monitoring or Controlling?Markku Lehtonen5. Computerized Models: Tools for Assessing the Future of Complex Systems?Martin K. Van Ittersum and Barbara Sterk6. Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Tool for Going Beyond Monetization?Catherine D. Gamper and Catrinel Turcanu 7. Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Tool That is Both Useful and Influential?Giles Atkinson PART III ACTORS, CAPACITIES, VENUES AND EFFECTS8. Policy Formulation, Policy Advice and Policy Appraisal: The Distribution of Analytical ToolsMichael Howlett, Seck L. Tan, Andrea Migone, Adam Wellstead and Bryan Evans9. The Use of Policy Formulation Tools in the Venue of Policy Appraisal: Patterns and Underlying MotivationsJohn R. Turnpenny, Andrew J. Jordan, Camilla Adelle, Stephan Bartke, Thomas Bournaris, Petrus Kautto, Hanna Kuittinen, Lars Ege Larsen, Christina Moulogianni, Sanna-Riikka Saarela and Sabine Weiland10. Policy Formulation Tool Use in Emerging Policy Spheres: A Developing Country PerspectiveSachin Warghade11. The Effects of Targets and Indicators on Policy Formulation: Narrowing Down, Crowding Out and Locking InChristina Boswell, Steve Yearley, Colin Fleming, Eugénia Rodrigues and Graham Spinardi12. The Use of Computerized Models in Different Policy Formulation Venues: The MARKAL Energy ModelPaul Upham, Peter Taylor, David Christopherson and Will McdowallPART IV CONCLUSIONS AND NEW DIRECTIONS13. The Tools of Policy Formulation: New Perspectives and New ChallengesAndy J. Jordan, John R. Turnpenny and Tim RaynerIndex

Edited by Andrew J. Jordan, Professor of Environmental Policy, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and John R. Turnpenny, School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, UK

’The development of the policy analysis field has had at least two quite different trajectories. One started in the US, emphasizing the policy formulation stage, while the other developed largely in Europe, highlighting the implementation process. This volume indicates how the two paths have intersected. The thirteen chapters offer new insights to both groups and draw on a broad span of literatures to explore this topic, with contributions from nearly forty individuals across the globe. Its discussion of tools of policy formulation, as well as the analysis of actors, capacities, venues and effects, sets the structure for a future agenda.’

• ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsPART I INTRODUCTION1. The Tools of Policy Formulation: An IntroductionJohn R. Turnpenny, Andy J. Jordan, David Benson and Tim RaynerPART II TOOLS OF POLICY FORMULATION2. Participatory Assessment: Tools for Empowering, Learning and Legitimating?Matthijs Hisschemöller and Eefje Cuppen3. Scenarios: Tools for Coping with Complexity and Future UncertaintyMarta Pérez-Soba and Rob Maas4. Indicators: Tools for Informing, Monitoring or Controlling?Markku Lehtonen5. Computerized Models: Tools for Assessing the Future of Complex Systems?Martin K. Van Ittersum and Barbara Sterk6. Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Tool for Going Beyond Monetization?Catherine D. Gamper and Catrinel Turcanu 7. Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Tool That is Both Useful and Influential?Giles Atkinson PART III ACTORS, CAPACITIES, VENUES AND EFFECTS8. Policy Formulation, Policy Advice and Policy Appraisal: The Distribution of Analytical ToolsMichael Howlett, Seck L. Tan, Andrea Migone, Adam Wellstead and Bryan Evans9. The Use of Policy Formulation Tools in the Venue of Policy Appraisal: Patterns and Underlying MotivationsJohn R. Turnpenny, Andrew J. Jordan, Camilla Adelle, Stephan Bartke, Thomas Bournaris, Petrus Kautto, Hanna Kuittinen, Lars Ege Larsen, Christina Moulogianni, Sanna-Riikka Saarela and Sabine Weiland10. Policy Formulation Tool Use in Emerging Policy Spheres: A Developing Country PerspectiveSachin Warghade11. The Effects of Targets and Indicators on Policy Formulation: Narrowing Down, Crowding Out and Locking InChristina Boswell, Steve Yearley, Colin Fleming, Eugénia Rodrigues and Graham Spinardi12. The Use of Computerized Models in Different Policy Formulation Venues: The MARKAL Energy ModelPaul Upham, Peter Taylor, David Christopherson and Will McdowallPART IV CONCLUSIONS AND NEW DIRECTIONS13. The Tools of Policy Formulation: New Perspectives and New ChallengesAndy J. Jordan, John R. Turnpenny and Tim RaynerIndex

Edited by Andrew J. Jordan, Professor of Environmental Policy, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and John R. Turnpenny, School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, UK

’The development of the policy analysis field has had at least two quite different trajectories. One started in the US, emphasizing the policy formulation stage, while the other developed largely in Europe, highlighting the implementation process. This volume indicates how the two paths have intersected. The thirteen chapters offer new insights to both groups and draw on a broad span of literatures to explore this topic, with contributions from nearly forty individuals across the globe. Its discussion of tools of policy formulation, as well as the analysis of actors, capacities, venues and effects, sets the structure for a future agenda.’

• ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsPART I INTRODUCTION1. The Tools of Policy Formulation: An IntroductionJohn R. Turnpenny, Andy J. Jordan, David Benson and Tim RaynerPART II TOOLS OF POLICY FORMULATION2. Participatory Assessment: Tools for Empowering, Learning and Legitimating?Matthijs Hisschemöller and Eefje Cuppen3. Scenarios: Tools for Coping with Complexity and Future UncertaintyMarta Pérez-Soba and Rob Maas4. Indicators: Tools for Informing, Monitoring or Controlling?Markku Lehtonen5. Computerized Models: Tools for Assessing the Future of Complex Systems?Martin K. Van Ittersum and Barbara Sterk6. Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Tool for Going Beyond Monetization?Catherine D. Gamper and Catrinel Turcanu 7. Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Tool That is Both Useful and Influential?Giles Atkinson PART III ACTORS, CAPACITIES, VENUES AND EFFECTS8. Policy Formulation, Policy Advice and Policy Appraisal: The Distribution of Analytical ToolsMichael Howlett, Seck L. Tan, Andrea Migone, Adam Wellstead and Bryan Evans9. The Use of Policy Formulation Tools in the Venue of Policy Appraisal: Patterns and Underlying MotivationsJohn R. Turnpenny, Andrew J. Jordan, Camilla Adelle, Stephan Bartke, Thomas Bournaris, Petrus Kautto, Hanna Kuittinen, Lars Ege Larsen, Christina Moulogianni, Sanna-Riikka Saarela and Sabine Weiland10. Policy Formulation Tool Use in Emerging Policy Spheres: A Developing Country PerspectiveSachin Warghade11. The Effects of Targets and Indicators on Policy Formulation: Narrowing Down, Crowding Out and Locking InChristina Boswell, Steve Yearley, Colin Fleming, Eugénia Rodrigues and Graham Spinardi12. The Use of Computerized Models in Different Policy Formulation Venues: The MARKAL Energy ModelPaul Upham, Peter Taylor, David Christopherson and Will McdowallPART IV CONCLUSIONS AND NEW DIRECTIONS13. The Tools of Policy Formulation: New Perspectives and New ChallengesAndy J. Jordan, John R. Turnpenny and Tim RaynerIndex