Seda Kula has her PhD in architectural history from Istanbul Technical University and is currently teaching architectural history, theory and design as Associate Professor in the Department of Architecture at Gebze Technical University, Türkiye. Aside her early works on 14th-15th century Ottoman architecture, her PhD and current research focus on late Ottoman architecture and 19th century architectural and urban history.Nilay Karaca is an architectural historian with a focus on the urban culture of Istanbul, late-Ottoman history, museum studies, and court culture. She holds a BArch from Middle East Technical University and a Ph.D. in History from Boğaziçi University. Özlü published numerous articles and book chapters and edited books and special issues. After pursuing her postdoctoral research at the University of Oxford (2019–21), she started working at Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Architecture, teaching architectural design, history, and theory.

• List of FiguresAcknowledgementsForeword – Nazan MaksudyanIntroduction – Seda Kula Part 1. New Understandings of Landscapes and Spaces of RecreationChapter 1: The Making of Gülhane Park: From Royal Gardens to Public Spaces in Late Ottoman Istanbul – Nilay KaracaChapter 2: ‘So, I’ve Become the Chief Birdman!’: Visions of a Public Zoological Garden in Istanbul and Ebüzziya’s Field Trip – Semra HoruzChapter 3: The Aesthetic of Prosperity: A Study of the Landscape Paintings of the Military Painter Halil Paşa (1857–1939) – Ekin AkalınChapter 4: Becoming In-between: The Experience of Modernity in Kuşdili – Bora Yasin Özkuş Urban ReflectionsI. The Transformation of Recreation Areas in the City of Adana: From Formal Parks to Casual Spaces – F. Duygu SabanII. The People’s Garden of Mersin: From Entertainment to Ceremonial Space – Tülin Selvi Ünlü Part 2. Entertainment, Diversity, and DiversionChapter 5: Direklerarası as the Stage of Entertainment and Sociability in Late Ottoman Istanbul – Fatma Tunç YaşarChapter 6: A Leisurely Stroll in Allied-Occupied Istanbul: Urban Encounters between Muslims, Non-Muslims, and Occupation Forces (1918–1923) – Ceren Abi Chapter 7: The City, the Sea, and the Subaltern: The Urban Subcultures of 167 Galata and Piraeus, 1880–1930 – Erik Blackthorne-O’Barr Urban ReflectionsIII. Spatial and Cultural Dimensions of Entertainment in a Modernizing Ottoman City: The Hotels of Nineteenth-Century Bursa – Figen Kıvılcım ÇorakbaşIV. Class, Resilience, and Entertainment in Beirut (1915–2021): A Short Commentary – Ümit Fırat Açıkgöz Part 3. Spectacle Venues in the Cityscape Chapter 8: Leading Panorama-Diorama Initiatives in the Ottoman Empire – Fatma ÜrekliChapter 9: The Transformation of Entertainment Activities and Theatres in Late Ottoman Izmir – Cenk BerkantChapter 10: The Role of the Bourgeoisie in the Cultural Transformation of the City: The Case of Süreyya Paşa in Istanbul – Neslişah Leman Başaran LotzChapter 11: Film Spectacles and Cinema Halls in Late Ottoman Cities – Seda Kula Urban Reflections V. Leisure, Entertainment, and Spectacle in Late Ottoman Salonica – Sotirios Dimitriadis VI. Spectacle in Trabzon During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Period: Kostaki Theatre and Pilosyan Cinema – Ömer İskender Tuluk Epilogue: Built, Unbuilt, and Demolished: A Requiem for Leisure – Nilay KaracaNotes on ContributorsIndex

Seda Kula has her PhD in architectural history from Istanbul Technical University and is currently teaching architectural history, theory and design as Associate Professor in the Department of Architecture at Gebze Technical University, Türkiye. Aside her early works on 14th-15th century Ottoman architecture, her PhD and current research focus on late Ottoman architecture and 19th century architectural and urban history.Nilay Karaca is an architectural historian with a focus on the urban culture of Istanbul, late-Ottoman history, museum studies, and court culture. She holds a BArch from Middle East Technical University and a Ph.D. in History from Boğaziçi University. Özlü published numerous articles and book chapters and edited books and special issues. After pursuing her postdoctoral research at the University of Oxford (2019–21), she started working at Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Architecture, teaching architectural design, history, and theory.

• List of FiguresAcknowledgementsForeword – Nazan MaksudyanIntroduction – Seda Kula Part 1. New Understandings of Landscapes and Spaces of RecreationChapter 1: The Making of Gülhane Park: From Royal Gardens to Public Spaces in Late Ottoman Istanbul – Nilay KaracaChapter 2: ‘So, I’ve Become the Chief Birdman!’: Visions of a Public Zoological Garden in Istanbul and Ebüzziya’s Field Trip – Semra HoruzChapter 3: The Aesthetic of Prosperity: A Study of the Landscape Paintings of the Military Painter Halil Paşa (1857–1939) – Ekin AkalınChapter 4: Becoming In-between: The Experience of Modernity in Kuşdili – Bora Yasin Özkuş Urban ReflectionsI. The Transformation of Recreation Areas in the City of Adana: From Formal Parks to Casual Spaces – F. Duygu SabanII. The People’s Garden of Mersin: From Entertainment to Ceremonial Space – Tülin Selvi Ünlü Part 2. Entertainment, Diversity, and DiversionChapter 5: Direklerarası as the Stage of Entertainment and Sociability in Late Ottoman Istanbul – Fatma Tunç YaşarChapter 6: A Leisurely Stroll in Allied-Occupied Istanbul: Urban Encounters between Muslims, Non-Muslims, and Occupation Forces (1918–1923) – Ceren Abi Chapter 7: The City, the Sea, and the Subaltern: The Urban Subcultures of 167 Galata and Piraeus, 1880–1930 – Erik Blackthorne-O’Barr Urban ReflectionsIII. Spatial and Cultural Dimensions of Entertainment in a Modernizing Ottoman City: The Hotels of Nineteenth-Century Bursa – Figen Kıvılcım ÇorakbaşIV. Class, Resilience, and Entertainment in Beirut (1915–2021): A Short Commentary – Ümit Fırat Açıkgöz Part 3. Spectacle Venues in the Cityscape Chapter 8: Leading Panorama-Diorama Initiatives in the Ottoman Empire – Fatma ÜrekliChapter 9: The Transformation of Entertainment Activities and Theatres in Late Ottoman Izmir – Cenk BerkantChapter 10: The Role of the Bourgeoisie in the Cultural Transformation of the City: The Case of Süreyya Paşa in Istanbul – Neslişah Leman Başaran LotzChapter 11: Film Spectacles and Cinema Halls in Late Ottoman Cities – Seda Kula Urban Reflections V. Leisure, Entertainment, and Spectacle in Late Ottoman Salonica – Sotirios Dimitriadis VI. Spectacle in Trabzon During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Period: Kostaki Theatre and Pilosyan Cinema – Ömer İskender Tuluk Epilogue: Built, Unbuilt, and Demolished: A Requiem for Leisure – Nilay KaracaNotes on ContributorsIndex

Seda Kula has her PhD in architectural history from Istanbul Technical University and is currently teaching architectural history, theory and design as Associate Professor in the Department of Architecture at Gebze Technical University, Türkiye. Aside her early works on 14th-15th century Ottoman architecture, her PhD and current research focus on late Ottoman architecture and 19th century architectural and urban history.Nilay Karaca is an architectural historian with a focus on the urban culture of Istanbul, late-Ottoman history, museum studies, and court culture. She holds a BArch from Middle East Technical University and a Ph.D. in History from Boğaziçi University. Özlü published numerous articles and book chapters and edited books and special issues. After pursuing her postdoctoral research at the University of Oxford (2019–21), she started working at Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Architecture, teaching architectural design, history, and theory.

• List of FiguresAcknowledgementsForeword – Nazan MaksudyanIntroduction – Seda Kula Part 1. New Understandings of Landscapes and Spaces of RecreationChapter 1: The Making of Gülhane Park: From Royal Gardens to Public Spaces in Late Ottoman Istanbul – Nilay KaracaChapter 2: ‘So, I’ve Become the Chief Birdman!’: Visions of a Public Zoological Garden in Istanbul and Ebüzziya’s Field Trip – Semra HoruzChapter 3: The Aesthetic of Prosperity: A Study of the Landscape Paintings of the Military Painter Halil Paşa (1857–1939) – Ekin AkalınChapter 4: Becoming In-between: The Experience of Modernity in Kuşdili – Bora Yasin Özkuş Urban ReflectionsI. The Transformation of Recreation Areas in the City of Adana: From Formal Parks to Casual Spaces – F. Duygu SabanII. The People’s Garden of Mersin: From Entertainment to Ceremonial Space – Tülin Selvi Ünlü Part 2. Entertainment, Diversity, and DiversionChapter 5: Direklerarası as the Stage of Entertainment and Sociability in Late Ottoman Istanbul – Fatma Tunç YaşarChapter 6: A Leisurely Stroll in Allied-Occupied Istanbul: Urban Encounters between Muslims, Non-Muslims, and Occupation Forces (1918–1923) – Ceren Abi Chapter 7: The City, the Sea, and the Subaltern: The Urban Subcultures of 167 Galata and Piraeus, 1880–1930 – Erik Blackthorne-O’Barr Urban ReflectionsIII. Spatial and Cultural Dimensions of Entertainment in a Modernizing Ottoman City: The Hotels of Nineteenth-Century Bursa – Figen Kıvılcım ÇorakbaşIV. Class, Resilience, and Entertainment in Beirut (1915–2021): A Short Commentary – Ümit Fırat Açıkgöz Part 3. Spectacle Venues in the Cityscape Chapter 8: Leading Panorama-Diorama Initiatives in the Ottoman Empire – Fatma ÜrekliChapter 9: The Transformation of Entertainment Activities and Theatres in Late Ottoman Izmir – Cenk BerkantChapter 10: The Role of the Bourgeoisie in the Cultural Transformation of the City: The Case of Süreyya Paşa in Istanbul – Neslişah Leman Başaran LotzChapter 11: Film Spectacles and Cinema Halls in Late Ottoman Cities – Seda Kula Urban Reflections V. Leisure, Entertainment, and Spectacle in Late Ottoman Salonica – Sotirios Dimitriadis VI. Spectacle in Trabzon During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Period: Kostaki Theatre and Pilosyan Cinema – Ömer İskender Tuluk Epilogue: Built, Unbuilt, and Demolished: A Requiem for Leisure – Nilay KaracaNotes on ContributorsIndex