Agnieszka Szpak, Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Robert Gawłowski, Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Finance and Management in Bydgoszcz, WSB Merito University in Toruń, Joanna Modrzyńska, Doctor of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Paweł Modrzyński, Doctor of Economics, Faculty of Management, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology and Michał Dahl, Lecturer, Alberta International School of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, Beijing Sport University, China

‘Cities have increasingly captured the imagination of international scholars and practitioners. This “rise” to fame is much talked about, but the international legal practicalities often remain overlooked and in need of tangible insights. Taking us on a much welcome empirical tour between security, climate, innovation, and migration, The Role of Cities in International Relations does just that for European cities, with a timely intervention rooted in clear research material – a useful read for lawyers and legal, as much as IR, scholars alike!’

• Contents: 1. Introduction to The Role of Cities in International Relations 2. The position of cities in international relations and international law 3. Bilateral and multilateral diplomacy between cities and its impact 4. European cities and migration policy 5. European cities: sustainable development and environmental challenges 6. European cities and security 7. European ‘sharing cities’: new solutions for local economies and transport 8. Conclusion to The Role of Cities in International Relations Appendix: list of interviews/written answers (in chronological order) Index

Agnieszka Szpak, Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Robert Gawłowski, Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Finance and Management in Bydgoszcz, WSB Merito University in Toruń, Joanna Modrzyńska, Doctor of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Paweł Modrzyński, Doctor of Economics, Faculty of Management, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology and Michał Dahl, Lecturer, Alberta International School of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, Beijing Sport University, China

‘Cities have increasingly captured the imagination of international scholars and practitioners. This “rise” to fame is much talked about, but the international legal practicalities often remain overlooked and in need of tangible insights. Taking us on a much welcome empirical tour between security, climate, innovation, and migration, The Role of Cities in International Relations does just that for European cities, with a timely intervention rooted in clear research material – a useful read for lawyers and legal, as much as IR, scholars alike!’

• Contents: 1. Introduction to The Role of Cities in International Relations 2. The position of cities in international relations and international law 3. Bilateral and multilateral diplomacy between cities and its impact 4. European cities and migration policy 5. European cities: sustainable development and environmental challenges 6. European cities and security 7. European ‘sharing cities’: new solutions for local economies and transport 8. Conclusion to The Role of Cities in International Relations Appendix: list of interviews/written answers (in chronological order) Index

Agnieszka Szpak, Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Robert Gawłowski, Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Finance and Management in Bydgoszcz, WSB Merito University in Toruń, Joanna Modrzyńska, Doctor of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Paweł Modrzyński, Doctor of Economics, Faculty of Management, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology and Michał Dahl, Lecturer, Alberta International School of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, Beijing Sport University, China

‘Cities have increasingly captured the imagination of international scholars and practitioners. This “rise” to fame is much talked about, but the international legal practicalities often remain overlooked and in need of tangible insights. Taking us on a much welcome empirical tour between security, climate, innovation, and migration, The Role of Cities in International Relations does just that for European cities, with a timely intervention rooted in clear research material – a useful read for lawyers and legal, as much as IR, scholars alike!’

• Contents: 1. Introduction to The Role of Cities in International Relations 2. The position of cities in international relations and international law 3. Bilateral and multilateral diplomacy between cities and its impact 4. European cities and migration policy 5. European cities: sustainable development and environmental challenges 6. European cities and security 7. European ‘sharing cities’: new solutions for local economies and transport 8. Conclusion to The Role of Cities in International Relations Appendix: list of interviews/written answers (in chronological order) Index