Robert Gawłowski – författare

With illustrative case studies on international organizations and transnational city networks across Europe, this innovative book argues that cities are becoming more active participants in international law-making and challenging the previously dominant nation-state approach of recent history.Chapters explore key literature and legal regulations surrounding cities, providing the latest information on their international normative activities. This book includes multiple interviews conducted with the official representatives of cities and various international institutions, such as UN-Habitat, the EU Committee of the Regions, and the Congress for Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. The authors investigate how, despite their strong role in international relations and international law implementation, the importance of cities has still not been adequately reflected in the structures of the Council of Europe, the EU and the UN. Ultimately, the book finds that cities have more impact on policy-making than on decision-making processes.Cities in International Decision-Making is a rich resource for academics and students of international relations, political science, international law and urban studies. It is also a beneficial read for city authorities, policy-makers, external experts and think-tank analysts.

With illustrative case studies on international organizations and transnational city networks across Europe, this innovative book argues that cities are becoming more active participants in international law-making and challenging the previously dominant nation-state approach of recent history.

Chapters explore key literature and legal regulations surrounding cities, providing the latest information on their international normative activities. This book includes multiple interviews conducted with the official representatives of cities and various international institutions, such as UN-Habitat, the EU Committee of the Regions, and the Congress for Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. The authors investigate how, despite their strong role in international relations and international law implementation, the importance of cities has still not been adequately reflected in the structures of the Council of Europe, the EU and the UN. Ultimately, the book finds that cities have more impact on policy-making than on decision-making processes.

Cities in International Decision-Making is a rich resource for academics and students of international relations, political science, international law and urban studies. It is also a beneficial read for city authorities, policy-makers, external experts and think-tank analysts.

The First Enigma Codebreaker is the story of a man who started a revolution in cryptology and the conflict between man and machine. This is a powerful story of the life of Marian Rejewski and how history can affect individual lives, presented to the public for the first time. This examination of how Marian Rejewski changed the course of cryptology is of great interest to everyone from the avid historian to Hollywood film producers and all those in-between. As Gawlowski''s biography shows, Rejewski was an unassuming man who used his mathematical, skills as well as his extensive linguistic abilities, to start cracking the Enigma code before passing the baton on to the now renowned Alan Turing. This is a fascinating, human story about the man Marian Rejewski, which also ties up the loose threads of the Enigma story and shows the importance of the Polish involvement in that process. The First Enigma Codebreaker looks at those involved in cracking the Enigma and also takes a look at an aspect that has rarely been discussed in great detail, the story of Marian Rejewski himself, and how he endured life in post-war Communist Poland shining a light on situations such as how Rejewski managed to decode the machine, what happened to him during the Second World War, and the price he had to pay during the post war period.

The First Enigma Codebreaker is the story of a man who started a revolution in cryptology and the conflict between man and machine. This is a powerful story of the life of Marian Rejewski and how history can affect individual lives, presented to the public for the first time. This examination of how Marian Rejewski changed the course of cryptology is of great interest to everyone from the avid historian to Hollywood film producers and all those in-between. As Gawlowski''s biography shows, Rejewski was an unassuming man who used his mathematical, skills as well as his extensive linguistic abilities, to start cracking the Enigma code before passing the baton on to the now renowned Alan Turing. This is a fascinating, human story about the man Marian Rejewski, which also ties up the loose threads of the Enigma story and shows the importance of the Polish involvement in that process. The First Enigma Codebreaker looks at those involved in cracking the Enigma and also takes a look at an aspect that has rarely been discussed in great detail, the story of Marian Rejewski himself, and how he endured life in post-war Communist Poland shining a light on situations such as how Rejewski managed to decode the machine, what happened to him during the Second World War, and the price he had to pay during the post war period.

Concerns about the position and function of nation-states in the international arena have led to a growing interest in the role of cities in international relations. This timely book advances the argument that cities are becoming active and informal actors in international law-making, indicating the emergence of a ‘third generation’ of multi-level governance. Expansive in scope, the book investigates various areas of city cooperation such as the economy, migration, security, sustainable development, ecology, and the position of cities in international law. Interviews conducted with the official representatives of several cities and international institutions, including UN-Habitat, the EU Committee of the Regions, and the Congress for Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, offer key insights into the most pressing urban issues of the 21st century. Examining the latest information on the international activities of cities, this engaging book explores the possibility that cities may soon reach the level of international subjects, capable of both implementing and creating international law. Contributing to the under-represented literature on the evolving function of cities in the modern world, this prescient book will be of interest to academics and students of urban studies, international relations, political science, and international law. City authorities dealing with international cooperation will benefit from its consideration of further development opportunities.