Edited by Frédérique Six, Associate Professor of Public Governance and Organization, the Zijlstra Centre for Public Control, Governance and Leadership, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Visiting Professor, GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Joseph A. Hamm, Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Department of Political Science, Michigan State University, USA, Dominika Latusek, Professor of Management and Organization Theory, Center for Trust Studies, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland, Esther van Zimmeren, Professor in Intellectual Property Law, Faculty of Law and GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium and Koen Verhoest, Professor in Public Administration and Governance, Department of Political Science and GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium

‘This timely and much-needed anthology on trust in public governance addresses one of the most critical issues of our time. In an era where trust is in sharp decline, yet is essential for navigating the complex challenges ahead, this work provides a profound understanding of its importance. With significant societal transformations looming, from environmental and social crises to threats to democracy, trust is the glue that holds collaborative governance together. Now more than ever, we need all hands on board, and this volume offers invaluable insights for strengthening the fabric of our public institutions.’

• Contents1 Trust in public governance: scoping the field 1 Dominika Latusek, Joseph A. Hamm, Sophie Op de Beeck, John Ropp, Frédérique E. Six, Esther van Zimmeren and Koen Verhoest PART I UNDERSTANDING KEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES OF TRUST AND DISTRUST 2 Vulnerability: the active ingredient of trust in public governance 27 Joseph A. Hamm and Francine Banner 3 Trust and distrust in institutions 43 Dominika Latusek and Karen S. Cook 4 Institutional contradictions: a persistent threat to trust in public sector organizations 63 Chris P. Long and Sim B. Sitkin 5 Trust matters: the governance of private and public services organisations’ external relationships 79 Reinhard Bachmann 6 Learning to trust: the implications of sorting and segregating students in schools and school systems 89 Melanie Ehren 7 Repairing trust in public sector agencies 103 Nicole Gillespie and Niamh Daly 8 Trust and transparency in algorithmic governance: a multi-level framework 121 Esther Nieuwenhuizen 9 Researching trust in public governance: methodological considerations and approaches 141 Emily A. Morrison and Mark N.K. Saunders PART II TRUST IN TRIAS POLITICA IN A MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE 10 Trust in political and legislative actors and systems 159 Viktor Valgarðsson 11 Trust in courts and judicial systems: a conceptual and methodological review 173Monika Glavina and Esther van Zimmeren12 Citizens’ trust in public administration: an Israeli perspective on the spirits of trust in public service 195Eran Vigoda-Gadot, Shlomo Mizrahi and Nissim Cohen13 Political trust: a multi-level governance perspective 211Jarle Trondal and Dominika Proszowska14 Trust dynamics in federal systems 225Patricia Popelier and Peter BursensPART III MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON CITIZEN – GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIPS 15 Trust norms as hope for a trustworthy government 241Valerie Braithwaite16 Exploring power, vulnerability and trust in public governance through the lens of feminist intersectionality 267Kathleen M. Darcy, Elizabeth Meier, Amanda Isabel Osuna, Jenna A. Van Fossen, John Ropp and Joseph A. Hamm17 Trust, identity and place-based environmental governance 283Marc J. Stern and Dara M. Wald18 Corruption and political trust: how the effect of societal cleavages on trust depend on the corruption context 301Monika Bauhr and Nicholas Charron19 Participatory engagement: three potential pathways for impacting public trust in institutions 317Lisa M. PytlikZillig and Mariska Kappmeier20 Competence in crisis: what happens after the rally-round-the-flag? 341Daniel Devine, Will Jennings, Gerry Stoker and Jennifer Gaskell21 Public official’s trust in citizens: a review of the literature 355Koen Migchelbrink and Steven Van de WallePART IV TRUST BETWEEN AND WITHIN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS 22 Trust and regulation 373Koen Verhoest, Bastiaan Redert, Martino Maggetti, David Levi-Faur and Jacint Jordana 23 Trust in public networks and public-private partnerships: achieving conditions for effectiveness and innovation? 395Erik Hans Klijn and Rianne Warsen24 Trust and government contracting 409Meeyoung Lamothe, Scott Lamothe and Alperen Zararsiz25 Trust, control and motivation in public organizations 423Tina Øllgaard Bentzen, Frédérique Six and Sophie Op de Beeck26 Trust and public sector work: how public service motivation helps explain multi-level trust relations 441Charis Rice, Rosalind Searle and Ann-Marie Nienaber

Edited by Frédérique Six, Associate Professor of Public Governance and Organization, the Zijlstra Centre for Public Control, Governance and Leadership, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Visiting Professor, GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Joseph A. Hamm, Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Department of Political Science, Michigan State University, USA, Dominika Latusek, Professor of Management and Organization Theory, Center for Trust Studies, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland, Esther van Zimmeren, Professor in Intellectual Property Law, Faculty of Law and GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium and Koen Verhoest, Professor in Public Administration and Governance, Department of Political Science and GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium

‘This timely and much-needed anthology on trust in public governance addresses one of the most critical issues of our time. In an era where trust is in sharp decline, yet is essential for navigating the complex challenges ahead, this work provides a profound understanding of its importance. With significant societal transformations looming, from environmental and social crises to threats to democracy, trust is the glue that holds collaborative governance together. Now more than ever, we need all hands on board, and this volume offers invaluable insights for strengthening the fabric of our public institutions.’

• Contents1 Trust in public governance: scoping the field 1 Dominika Latusek, Joseph A. Hamm, Sophie Op de Beeck, John Ropp, Frédérique E. Six, Esther van Zimmeren and Koen Verhoest PART I UNDERSTANDING KEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES OF TRUST AND DISTRUST 2 Vulnerability: the active ingredient of trust in public governance 27 Joseph A. Hamm and Francine Banner 3 Trust and distrust in institutions 43 Dominika Latusek and Karen S. Cook 4 Institutional contradictions: a persistent threat to trust in public sector organizations 63 Chris P. Long and Sim B. Sitkin 5 Trust matters: the governance of private and public services organisations’ external relationships 79 Reinhard Bachmann 6 Learning to trust: the implications of sorting and segregating students in schools and school systems 89 Melanie Ehren 7 Repairing trust in public sector agencies 103 Nicole Gillespie and Niamh Daly 8 Trust and transparency in algorithmic governance: a multi-level framework 121 Esther Nieuwenhuizen 9 Researching trust in public governance: methodological considerations and approaches 141 Emily A. Morrison and Mark N.K. Saunders PART II TRUST IN TRIAS POLITICA IN A MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE 10 Trust in political and legislative actors and systems 159 Viktor Valgarðsson 11 Trust in courts and judicial systems: a conceptual and methodological review 173Monika Glavina and Esther van Zimmeren12 Citizens’ trust in public administration: an Israeli perspective on the spirits of trust in public service 195Eran Vigoda-Gadot, Shlomo Mizrahi and Nissim Cohen13 Political trust: a multi-level governance perspective 211Jarle Trondal and Dominika Proszowska14 Trust dynamics in federal systems 225Patricia Popelier and Peter BursensPART III MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON CITIZEN – GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIPS 15 Trust norms as hope for a trustworthy government 241Valerie Braithwaite16 Exploring power, vulnerability and trust in public governance through the lens of feminist intersectionality 267Kathleen M. Darcy, Elizabeth Meier, Amanda Isabel Osuna, Jenna A. Van Fossen, John Ropp and Joseph A. Hamm17 Trust, identity and place-based environmental governance 283Marc J. Stern and Dara M. Wald18 Corruption and political trust: how the effect of societal cleavages on trust depend on the corruption context 301Monika Bauhr and Nicholas Charron19 Participatory engagement: three potential pathways for impacting public trust in institutions 317Lisa M. PytlikZillig and Mariska Kappmeier20 Competence in crisis: what happens after the rally-round-the-flag? 341Daniel Devine, Will Jennings, Gerry Stoker and Jennifer Gaskell21 Public official’s trust in citizens: a review of the literature 355Koen Migchelbrink and Steven Van de WallePART IV TRUST BETWEEN AND WITHIN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS 22 Trust and regulation 373Koen Verhoest, Bastiaan Redert, Martino Maggetti, David Levi-Faur and Jacint Jordana 23 Trust in public networks and public-private partnerships: achieving conditions for effectiveness and innovation? 395Erik Hans Klijn and Rianne Warsen24 Trust and government contracting 409Meeyoung Lamothe, Scott Lamothe and Alperen Zararsiz25 Trust, control and motivation in public organizations 423Tina Øllgaard Bentzen, Frédérique Six and Sophie Op de Beeck26 Trust and public sector work: how public service motivation helps explain multi-level trust relations 441Charis Rice, Rosalind Searle and Ann-Marie Nienaber

Edited by Frédérique Six, Associate Professor of Public Governance and Organization, the Zijlstra Centre for Public Control, Governance and Leadership, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Visiting Professor, GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Joseph A. Hamm, Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Department of Political Science, Michigan State University, USA, Dominika Latusek, Professor of Management and Organization Theory, Center for Trust Studies, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland, Esther van Zimmeren, Professor in Intellectual Property Law, Faculty of Law and GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium and Koen Verhoest, Professor in Public Administration and Governance, Department of Political Science and GOVTRUST Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium

‘This timely and much-needed anthology on trust in public governance addresses one of the most critical issues of our time. In an era where trust is in sharp decline, yet is essential for navigating the complex challenges ahead, this work provides a profound understanding of its importance. With significant societal transformations looming, from environmental and social crises to threats to democracy, trust is the glue that holds collaborative governance together. Now more than ever, we need all hands on board, and this volume offers invaluable insights for strengthening the fabric of our public institutions.’

• Contents1 Trust in public governance: scoping the field 1 Dominika Latusek, Joseph A. Hamm, Sophie Op de Beeck, John Ropp, Frédérique E. Six, Esther van Zimmeren and Koen Verhoest PART I UNDERSTANDING KEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES OF TRUST AND DISTRUST 2 Vulnerability: the active ingredient of trust in public governance 27 Joseph A. Hamm and Francine Banner 3 Trust and distrust in institutions 43 Dominika Latusek and Karen S. Cook 4 Institutional contradictions: a persistent threat to trust in public sector organizations 63 Chris P. Long and Sim B. Sitkin 5 Trust matters: the governance of private and public services organisations’ external relationships 79 Reinhard Bachmann 6 Learning to trust: the implications of sorting and segregating students in schools and school systems 89 Melanie Ehren 7 Repairing trust in public sector agencies 103 Nicole Gillespie and Niamh Daly 8 Trust and transparency in algorithmic governance: a multi-level framework 121 Esther Nieuwenhuizen 9 Researching trust in public governance: methodological considerations and approaches 141 Emily A. Morrison and Mark N.K. Saunders PART II TRUST IN TRIAS POLITICA IN A MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE 10 Trust in political and legislative actors and systems 159 Viktor Valgarðsson 11 Trust in courts and judicial systems: a conceptual and methodological review 173Monika Glavina and Esther van Zimmeren12 Citizens’ trust in public administration: an Israeli perspective on the spirits of trust in public service 195Eran Vigoda-Gadot, Shlomo Mizrahi and Nissim Cohen13 Political trust: a multi-level governance perspective 211Jarle Trondal and Dominika Proszowska14 Trust dynamics in federal systems 225Patricia Popelier and Peter BursensPART III MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON CITIZEN – GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIPS 15 Trust norms as hope for a trustworthy government 241Valerie Braithwaite16 Exploring power, vulnerability and trust in public governance through the lens of feminist intersectionality 267Kathleen M. Darcy, Elizabeth Meier, Amanda Isabel Osuna, Jenna A. Van Fossen, John Ropp and Joseph A. Hamm17 Trust, identity and place-based environmental governance 283Marc J. Stern and Dara M. Wald18 Corruption and political trust: how the effect of societal cleavages on trust depend on the corruption context 301Monika Bauhr and Nicholas Charron19 Participatory engagement: three potential pathways for impacting public trust in institutions 317Lisa M. PytlikZillig and Mariska Kappmeier20 Competence in crisis: what happens after the rally-round-the-flag? 341Daniel Devine, Will Jennings, Gerry Stoker and Jennifer Gaskell21 Public official’s trust in citizens: a review of the literature 355Koen Migchelbrink and Steven Van de WallePART IV TRUST BETWEEN AND WITHIN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS 22 Trust and regulation 373Koen Verhoest, Bastiaan Redert, Martino Maggetti, David Levi-Faur and Jacint Jordana 23 Trust in public networks and public-private partnerships: achieving conditions for effectiveness and innovation? 395Erik Hans Klijn and Rianne Warsen24 Trust and government contracting 409Meeyoung Lamothe, Scott Lamothe and Alperen Zararsiz25 Trust, control and motivation in public organizations 423Tina Øllgaard Bentzen, Frédérique Six and Sophie Op de Beeck26 Trust and public sector work: how public service motivation helps explain multi-level trust relations 441Charis Rice, Rosalind Searle and Ann-Marie Nienaber