Edited by Karen Jacobsen, Henry J. Leir Professor in Global Migration, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, US and Nassim Majidi, Co-Founder and Executive Director, Samuel Hall, Kenya and Research Associate, Tufts University, US; Wits University, South Africa and Université Houphouët Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire

‘As global displacement is seen to be ever increasing in scale and complexity, this collection of perspectives – from a truly remarkable group of contributors – is essential reading for anyone that seeks to more fully understand this enduring phenomenon.’

• Contents:Preface xviiiNassim MajidiPOEM: MAZEN SLEEPS WITH HIS FOOT ON THE FLOOR BY MARTÍN ESPADAPART I INTRODUCTION1 Introduction to the Handbook on Forced Migration: a critical take onforced migration today 3Karen Jacobsen and Nassim Majidi2 Negotiating ambiguous status: mixed migration in theory and practice 20Katrina Burgess3 Migrant categorization under the patchwork of international, regional,and national law 33John CeronePART II PHILOSOPHY4 Philosophy of forced migration: sit at the table or knock it over 45Hervé Nicolle5 Labels, norms: the illusion of control 58Interview with Oliver Bakewell6 Thinking without ‘fixing’: towards a feminist political geography 66Interview with Jennifer Hyndman7 Ethics, globalization, counter-narratives: confronting structural injustice 76Interview with Serena Parekh8 Dissensus, fictions, emancipation: the struggle for a world to come 85Interview with Jacques Rancière9 Securitization, decriminalization, resistance: from old fears to new values 92Interview with Seyla Benhabib10 Otherness, language, exile: expressing the poem of the Relation 100Interview with Tanella BoniPOEM: FLOATERS BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: CROSSING BORDERS BY FIRAT BOZÇALI ANDREBECCA GALEMBAPART III HISTORY11 Historical perspectives on forced migration 117Susan Martin12 Historians and forced migration: a persistent feeling of disconnect? 134Jerome Elie13 Reckoning with refugeedom: historical perspectives 142Peter Gatrell14 History, memory and the ethics of asylum 149Tony Kushner15 The roots of asylum 155Ninette Kelley16 Historical process tracing and forced migration: re-examining thecreation of the refugee definition 162Phil Orchard17 Historiographies of early modern forced migrations in Europe and theAtlantic world 168Susanne Lachenicht18 The antecedents of forced migration in the Middle East 176Dawn Chatty19 The ‘home-coming’ of the refugees: narratives of partition-inducedforced migration in South Asia (1947–1971) 182Anindita GhoshalPOEM: ASKING QUESTIONS OF THE MOON BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: ENCLAVE DWELLERS AND PROXY CITIZENS INBANGLADESH AND INDIA BY MD AZMEARY FERDOUSHPART IV CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MOBILITY20 Climate change, population, environment and forced migration 193Jennifer Ventrella and Michael Cohen21 Climate change, migration and inequality in contemporary India 207Kavya Michael and Juhi Bansal22 Climate and migration in Latin America and the Caribbean 215Maiara Folly and Adriana Erthal Abdenur23 Theorizing mobility justice in contexts of climate mobilities 225Mimi Sheller24 Challenging the “lifeboat discourse” on population and migration 232Anne Hendrixson25 Climate mobility and COP accountability 243Karen Jacobsen and Susan MartinPOEM: I WOULD STEAL A CAR FOR YOU BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: WAITING IN TRANSIT BY ANTJE MISSBACHPART V URBAN SETTINGS26 The urbanisation of displacement 256Lucy Earle27 If not camps, then… cities? 270Dyfed Aubry28 Aid-induced informal settlement creation following disaster: thecautionary tale of Port-au-Prince’s Canaan slum 277Christopher Ward and Louis Jadotte29 Reconstruction as violence and forced displacement in Syria 283Deen Sharp30 Self-reliance in urban contexts for displaced people 291Kellie C. Leeson, Paul Karanja, Galo Quizanga Zambrano and Dale Buscher31 Framing urban displacement economies 298Alison Brown, Patricia Garcia Amado, Engida Esayas Dube, TegegneGebre-Egziabher and Peter Mackie32 From integration to conviviality: Syrian refugees in London and Berlin 307Deena Dajani33 National and local orders in the response to Venezuelan forcedmigration in Colombia: perspective from urban settings 314Carolina Moreno, Gracy Pelacani and Laura Dib-Ayesta34 The value of mayors in urban displacement settings: the case ofAmman, Jordan 319Yousef Al Shawarbeh (Mayor of Amman) and Samer SalibaPOEM: NOT FOR HIM THE FIERY LAKE OF THE FALSE PROPHET BYMARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: MARKETS OF DISPLACEMENT BY LUIGI ACHILLIAND KIM WILSONPART VI SOLUTIONS35 Putting people back into place 331Cathrine Brun36 Rethinking solutions in never-ending displacement: what are the alternatives? 349Cathrine Brun, Anita H. Fábos, Maha Shuayb and Nicholas Van Hear inconversation37 Self-reliance and refugee economics in Uganda 362Eria Serwajja and Hilde Refstie38 Displacement limbo: durable solutions for IDPs in Georgia and Ukraine 376Sean Loughna with Olga Ivanova and Julia Kharasvili39 The shifting grammar of durable solutions in Latin America 388Marcia Vera EspinozaPOEM: I NOW PRONOUNCE YOU DEAD BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: RETURN AFTER INTERRUPTED MIGRATIONCYCLES BY MAYBRITT JILL ALPESPART VII LIVED EXPERIENCES: THE VIEWS OF REFUGEESAND PRACTITIONERSREFUGEES40 Narrative: life in South Africa: irresistible soft power meets the hard reality 412Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti41 Narrative: we escaped in seconds … it then takes four years to becomea refugee 414Hassan Hersi42 Narrative: a Malawian in South Africa – the good and the bad 416Mwaona Nyirongo43 Narrative: I have always felt like I am not a forced migrant … enough 418Yuliia Kabanets44 Narrative: when a new chapter in my life began as a ‘forced migrant’ 420Saida Azimi45 Narrative: the second time I became a refugee 423Zabihullah BarakzaiPRACTITIONERS46 Narrative: a few thoughts about UNHCR and the UN 426Joel Boutroue47 Narrative: a discredited model of refugee response 431Jeff Crisp48 Narrative: a more realistic conversation on solutions 434Ninette Kelley49 Narrative: moving beyond emergency assistance 438Renata Dubini50 Narrative: forced migration – a personal view 439Richard DanzigerPART VIII THE FUTURE51 Responsibility and trust: using digital technologies in forced migration 443Evan Easton-Calabria52 Conclusion: a call for ethical standards in forced migration research 461Nassim Majidi and Karen JacobsenIndex

Edited by Karen Jacobsen, Henry J. Leir Professor in Global Migration, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, US and Nassim Majidi, Co-Founder and Executive Director, Samuel Hall, Kenya and Research Associate, Tufts University, US; Wits University, South Africa and Université Houphouët Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire

‘As global displacement is seen to be ever increasing in scale and complexity, this collection of perspectives – from a truly remarkable group of contributors – is essential reading for anyone that seeks to more fully understand this enduring phenomenon.’

• Contents:Preface xviiiNassim MajidiPOEM: MAZEN SLEEPS WITH HIS FOOT ON THE FLOOR BY MARTÍN ESPADAPART I INTRODUCTION1 Introduction to the Handbook on Forced Migration: a critical take onforced migration today 3Karen Jacobsen and Nassim Majidi2 Negotiating ambiguous status: mixed migration in theory and practice 20Katrina Burgess3 Migrant categorization under the patchwork of international, regional,and national law 33John CeronePART II PHILOSOPHY4 Philosophy of forced migration: sit at the table or knock it over 45Hervé Nicolle5 Labels, norms: the illusion of control 58Interview with Oliver Bakewell6 Thinking without ‘fixing’: towards a feminist political geography 66Interview with Jennifer Hyndman7 Ethics, globalization, counter-narratives: confronting structural injustice 76Interview with Serena Parekh8 Dissensus, fictions, emancipation: the struggle for a world to come 85Interview with Jacques Rancière9 Securitization, decriminalization, resistance: from old fears to new values 92Interview with Seyla Benhabib10 Otherness, language, exile: expressing the poem of the Relation 100Interview with Tanella BoniPOEM: FLOATERS BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: CROSSING BORDERS BY FIRAT BOZÇALI ANDREBECCA GALEMBAPART III HISTORY11 Historical perspectives on forced migration 117Susan Martin12 Historians and forced migration: a persistent feeling of disconnect? 134Jerome Elie13 Reckoning with refugeedom: historical perspectives 142Peter Gatrell14 History, memory and the ethics of asylum 149Tony Kushner15 The roots of asylum 155Ninette Kelley16 Historical process tracing and forced migration: re-examining thecreation of the refugee definition 162Phil Orchard17 Historiographies of early modern forced migrations in Europe and theAtlantic world 168Susanne Lachenicht18 The antecedents of forced migration in the Middle East 176Dawn Chatty19 The ‘home-coming’ of the refugees: narratives of partition-inducedforced migration in South Asia (1947–1971) 182Anindita GhoshalPOEM: ASKING QUESTIONS OF THE MOON BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: ENCLAVE DWELLERS AND PROXY CITIZENS INBANGLADESH AND INDIA BY MD AZMEARY FERDOUSHPART IV CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MOBILITY20 Climate change, population, environment and forced migration 193Jennifer Ventrella and Michael Cohen21 Climate change, migration and inequality in contemporary India 207Kavya Michael and Juhi Bansal22 Climate and migration in Latin America and the Caribbean 215Maiara Folly and Adriana Erthal Abdenur23 Theorizing mobility justice in contexts of climate mobilities 225Mimi Sheller24 Challenging the “lifeboat discourse” on population and migration 232Anne Hendrixson25 Climate mobility and COP accountability 243Karen Jacobsen and Susan MartinPOEM: I WOULD STEAL A CAR FOR YOU BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: WAITING IN TRANSIT BY ANTJE MISSBACHPART V URBAN SETTINGS26 The urbanisation of displacement 256Lucy Earle27 If not camps, then… cities? 270Dyfed Aubry28 Aid-induced informal settlement creation following disaster: thecautionary tale of Port-au-Prince’s Canaan slum 277Christopher Ward and Louis Jadotte29 Reconstruction as violence and forced displacement in Syria 283Deen Sharp30 Self-reliance in urban contexts for displaced people 291Kellie C. Leeson, Paul Karanja, Galo Quizanga Zambrano and Dale Buscher31 Framing urban displacement economies 298Alison Brown, Patricia Garcia Amado, Engida Esayas Dube, TegegneGebre-Egziabher and Peter Mackie32 From integration to conviviality: Syrian refugees in London and Berlin 307Deena Dajani33 National and local orders in the response to Venezuelan forcedmigration in Colombia: perspective from urban settings 314Carolina Moreno, Gracy Pelacani and Laura Dib-Ayesta34 The value of mayors in urban displacement settings: the case ofAmman, Jordan 319Yousef Al Shawarbeh (Mayor of Amman) and Samer SalibaPOEM: NOT FOR HIM THE FIERY LAKE OF THE FALSE PROPHET BYMARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: MARKETS OF DISPLACEMENT BY LUIGI ACHILLIAND KIM WILSONPART VI SOLUTIONS35 Putting people back into place 331Cathrine Brun36 Rethinking solutions in never-ending displacement: what are the alternatives? 349Cathrine Brun, Anita H. Fábos, Maha Shuayb and Nicholas Van Hear inconversation37 Self-reliance and refugee economics in Uganda 362Eria Serwajja and Hilde Refstie38 Displacement limbo: durable solutions for IDPs in Georgia and Ukraine 376Sean Loughna with Olga Ivanova and Julia Kharasvili39 The shifting grammar of durable solutions in Latin America 388Marcia Vera EspinozaPOEM: I NOW PRONOUNCE YOU DEAD BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: RETURN AFTER INTERRUPTED MIGRATIONCYCLES BY MAYBRITT JILL ALPESPART VII LIVED EXPERIENCES: THE VIEWS OF REFUGEESAND PRACTITIONERSREFUGEES40 Narrative: life in South Africa: irresistible soft power meets the hard reality 412Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti41 Narrative: we escaped in seconds … it then takes four years to becomea refugee 414Hassan Hersi42 Narrative: a Malawian in South Africa – the good and the bad 416Mwaona Nyirongo43 Narrative: I have always felt like I am not a forced migrant … enough 418Yuliia Kabanets44 Narrative: when a new chapter in my life began as a ‘forced migrant’ 420Saida Azimi45 Narrative: the second time I became a refugee 423Zabihullah BarakzaiPRACTITIONERS46 Narrative: a few thoughts about UNHCR and the UN 426Joel Boutroue47 Narrative: a discredited model of refugee response 431Jeff Crisp48 Narrative: a more realistic conversation on solutions 434Ninette Kelley49 Narrative: moving beyond emergency assistance 438Renata Dubini50 Narrative: forced migration – a personal view 439Richard DanzigerPART VIII THE FUTURE51 Responsibility and trust: using digital technologies in forced migration 443Evan Easton-Calabria52 Conclusion: a call for ethical standards in forced migration research 461Nassim Majidi and Karen JacobsenIndex

Edited by Karen Jacobsen, Henry J. Leir Professor in Global Migration, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, US and Nassim Majidi, Co-Founder and Executive Director, Samuel Hall, Kenya and Research Associate, Tufts University, US; Wits University, South Africa and Université Houphouët Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire

‘As global displacement is seen to be ever increasing in scale and complexity, this collection of perspectives – from a truly remarkable group of contributors – is essential reading for anyone that seeks to more fully understand this enduring phenomenon.’

• Contents:Preface xviiiNassim MajidiPOEM: MAZEN SLEEPS WITH HIS FOOT ON THE FLOOR BY MARTÍN ESPADAPART I INTRODUCTION1 Introduction to the Handbook on Forced Migration: a critical take onforced migration today 3Karen Jacobsen and Nassim Majidi2 Negotiating ambiguous status: mixed migration in theory and practice 20Katrina Burgess3 Migrant categorization under the patchwork of international, regional,and national law 33John CeronePART II PHILOSOPHY4 Philosophy of forced migration: sit at the table or knock it over 45Hervé Nicolle5 Labels, norms: the illusion of control 58Interview with Oliver Bakewell6 Thinking without ‘fixing’: towards a feminist political geography 66Interview with Jennifer Hyndman7 Ethics, globalization, counter-narratives: confronting structural injustice 76Interview with Serena Parekh8 Dissensus, fictions, emancipation: the struggle for a world to come 85Interview with Jacques Rancière9 Securitization, decriminalization, resistance: from old fears to new values 92Interview with Seyla Benhabib10 Otherness, language, exile: expressing the poem of the Relation 100Interview with Tanella BoniPOEM: FLOATERS BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: CROSSING BORDERS BY FIRAT BOZÇALI ANDREBECCA GALEMBAPART III HISTORY11 Historical perspectives on forced migration 117Susan Martin12 Historians and forced migration: a persistent feeling of disconnect? 134Jerome Elie13 Reckoning with refugeedom: historical perspectives 142Peter Gatrell14 History, memory and the ethics of asylum 149Tony Kushner15 The roots of asylum 155Ninette Kelley16 Historical process tracing and forced migration: re-examining thecreation of the refugee definition 162Phil Orchard17 Historiographies of early modern forced migrations in Europe and theAtlantic world 168Susanne Lachenicht18 The antecedents of forced migration in the Middle East 176Dawn Chatty19 The ‘home-coming’ of the refugees: narratives of partition-inducedforced migration in South Asia (1947–1971) 182Anindita GhoshalPOEM: ASKING QUESTIONS OF THE MOON BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: ENCLAVE DWELLERS AND PROXY CITIZENS INBANGLADESH AND INDIA BY MD AZMEARY FERDOUSHPART IV CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MOBILITY20 Climate change, population, environment and forced migration 193Jennifer Ventrella and Michael Cohen21 Climate change, migration and inequality in contemporary India 207Kavya Michael and Juhi Bansal22 Climate and migration in Latin America and the Caribbean 215Maiara Folly and Adriana Erthal Abdenur23 Theorizing mobility justice in contexts of climate mobilities 225Mimi Sheller24 Challenging the “lifeboat discourse” on population and migration 232Anne Hendrixson25 Climate mobility and COP accountability 243Karen Jacobsen and Susan MartinPOEM: I WOULD STEAL A CAR FOR YOU BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: WAITING IN TRANSIT BY ANTJE MISSBACHPART V URBAN SETTINGS26 The urbanisation of displacement 256Lucy Earle27 If not camps, then… cities? 270Dyfed Aubry28 Aid-induced informal settlement creation following disaster: thecautionary tale of Port-au-Prince’s Canaan slum 277Christopher Ward and Louis Jadotte29 Reconstruction as violence and forced displacement in Syria 283Deen Sharp30 Self-reliance in urban contexts for displaced people 291Kellie C. Leeson, Paul Karanja, Galo Quizanga Zambrano and Dale Buscher31 Framing urban displacement economies 298Alison Brown, Patricia Garcia Amado, Engida Esayas Dube, TegegneGebre-Egziabher and Peter Mackie32 From integration to conviviality: Syrian refugees in London and Berlin 307Deena Dajani33 National and local orders in the response to Venezuelan forcedmigration in Colombia: perspective from urban settings 314Carolina Moreno, Gracy Pelacani and Laura Dib-Ayesta34 The value of mayors in urban displacement settings: the case ofAmman, Jordan 319Yousef Al Shawarbeh (Mayor of Amman) and Samer SalibaPOEM: NOT FOR HIM THE FIERY LAKE OF THE FALSE PROPHET BYMARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: MARKETS OF DISPLACEMENT BY LUIGI ACHILLIAND KIM WILSONPART VI SOLUTIONS35 Putting people back into place 331Cathrine Brun36 Rethinking solutions in never-ending displacement: what are the alternatives? 349Cathrine Brun, Anita H. Fábos, Maha Shuayb and Nicholas Van Hear inconversation37 Self-reliance and refugee economics in Uganda 362Eria Serwajja and Hilde Refstie38 Displacement limbo: durable solutions for IDPs in Georgia and Ukraine 376Sean Loughna with Olga Ivanova and Julia Kharasvili39 The shifting grammar of durable solutions in Latin America 388Marcia Vera EspinozaPOEM: I NOW PRONOUNCE YOU DEAD BY MARTÍN ESPADANARRATIVE: RETURN AFTER INTERRUPTED MIGRATIONCYCLES BY MAYBRITT JILL ALPESPART VII LIVED EXPERIENCES: THE VIEWS OF REFUGEESAND PRACTITIONERSREFUGEES40 Narrative: life in South Africa: irresistible soft power meets the hard reality 412Barnabas Ticha Muvhuti41 Narrative: we escaped in seconds … it then takes four years to becomea refugee 414Hassan Hersi42 Narrative: a Malawian in South Africa – the good and the bad 416Mwaona Nyirongo43 Narrative: I have always felt like I am not a forced migrant … enough 418Yuliia Kabanets44 Narrative: when a new chapter in my life began as a ‘forced migrant’ 420Saida Azimi45 Narrative: the second time I became a refugee 423Zabihullah BarakzaiPRACTITIONERS46 Narrative: a few thoughts about UNHCR and the UN 426Joel Boutroue47 Narrative: a discredited model of refugee response 431Jeff Crisp48 Narrative: a more realistic conversation on solutions 434Ninette Kelley49 Narrative: moving beyond emergency assistance 438Renata Dubini50 Narrative: forced migration – a personal view 439Richard DanzigerPART VIII THE FUTURE51 Responsibility and trust: using digital technologies in forced migration 443Evan Easton-Calabria52 Conclusion: a call for ethical standards in forced migration research 461Nassim Majidi and Karen JacobsenIndex