Edited by Elias G. Carayannis, Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, School of Business, George Washington University, US, Evangelos Grigoroudis, Professor of Quality Management, School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Greece, David F.J. Campbell, Department for Higher Education Research, The University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria and Sokratis K. Katsikas, Center for Cyber and Information Security, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

• Contents:Introduction to The Elgar Companion to Digital Transformation,Artificial Intelligence and Innovation in the Economy, Society and Democracy 1Elias G. Carayannis, Evangelos Grigoroudis, Sokratis Katsikas and David F.J.CampbellPART I CYBER-SECURITY1 Categorizing cyber effects 7Charles T. Harry and Nancy W. Gallagher2 The challenge of advanced cyberwar and the place of cyberpeace 33Elias G. Carayannis and John Draper3 International sea, air and space politics 81Alexandra FabrykowskaPART II INNOVATION AND CYBER-DEMOCRACY4 Innovation as a driver of political preference formation inpost-industrial society: origins and consequences 112David M. Wineroither5 Securing democracy in cyberspace 130Andrew N. Liaropoulos6 Microtargeting and big data: opportunities and threats for(cyber‑)democracy 145Matthias KeppelPART III SOCIETY 5.07 Digital and green twins of Industry & Society 5.0: the role of universities 166Elias G. Carayannis and Joanna Morawska8 Increasing the research relevance for societal actors: thecontribution of participatory research techniques to knowledgedemocracy 203Magdalena Fellner9 Crossing the black and white pattern of a chessboard with thecolors of art: the digital turn and live reform movement 4.0 224Ruth Mateus-BerrPART IV ECONOMY 5.0 AND QUINTUPLE INNOVATION HELIX10 Aligning the Quintuple Helix model of innovation withVietnam’s context: evidence from artificial intelligenceinnovation dialogues 252Anh-Nguyet Luong11 The bright future of ecosystem economies: explainable andreliable artificial intelligence via software–hardware interoperability 274Georg Christoph Hanschitz12 The academic firm within a Cyber-D4 environment 297David F.J. Campbell and Elias G. CarayannisPART V ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION INHIGHER EDUCATION13 Technology transfer and innovation in higher educationgovernance: comparing conceptual understandings displayed byUniversity Performance Agreements over time 308Magdalena Fellner, Attila Pausits and Florian Reisky14 Innovation and student equity in higher education 326Corinna Geppert and Franziska Lessky15 Emergency and innovation: the impact of state-of-emergency oninnovative educational practices during the Covid-19 pandemic 345Attila Pausits, Stefan Oppl, Sandra Schön, Magdalena Fellner, DavidF.J. Campbell and Martin DobiaschPART VI INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITYGOVERNANCE16 Accelerating institutional research in China’s higher educationinstitutions 373Qin Zhuoli17 Institutional research: past, present and future 381Ana Parrón Cabañero18 University governance in Austria, Finland and Scotland: possibleimplications from digitalization and Covid-19 394Kajetan Stransky-CanIndex

Edited by Elias G. Carayannis, Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, School of Business, George Washington University, US, Evangelos Grigoroudis, Professor of Quality Management, School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Greece, David F.J. Campbell, Department for Higher Education Research, The University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria and Sokratis K. Katsikas, Center for Cyber and Information Security, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

• Contents:Introduction to The Elgar Companion to Digital Transformation,Artificial Intelligence and Innovation in the Economy, Society and Democracy 1Elias G. Carayannis, Evangelos Grigoroudis, Sokratis Katsikas and David F.J.CampbellPART I CYBER-SECURITY1 Categorizing cyber effects 7Charles T. Harry and Nancy W. Gallagher2 The challenge of advanced cyberwar and the place of cyberpeace 33Elias G. Carayannis and John Draper3 International sea, air and space politics 81Alexandra FabrykowskaPART II INNOVATION AND CYBER-DEMOCRACY4 Innovation as a driver of political preference formation inpost-industrial society: origins and consequences 112David M. Wineroither5 Securing democracy in cyberspace 130Andrew N. Liaropoulos6 Microtargeting and big data: opportunities and threats for(cyber‑)democracy 145Matthias KeppelPART III SOCIETY 5.07 Digital and green twins of Industry & Society 5.0: the role of universities 166Elias G. Carayannis and Joanna Morawska8 Increasing the research relevance for societal actors: thecontribution of participatory research techniques to knowledgedemocracy 203Magdalena Fellner9 Crossing the black and white pattern of a chessboard with thecolors of art: the digital turn and live reform movement 4.0 224Ruth Mateus-BerrPART IV ECONOMY 5.0 AND QUINTUPLE INNOVATION HELIX10 Aligning the Quintuple Helix model of innovation withVietnam’s context: evidence from artificial intelligenceinnovation dialogues 252Anh-Nguyet Luong11 The bright future of ecosystem economies: explainable andreliable artificial intelligence via software–hardware interoperability 274Georg Christoph Hanschitz12 The academic firm within a Cyber-D4 environment 297David F.J. Campbell and Elias G. CarayannisPART V ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION INHIGHER EDUCATION13 Technology transfer and innovation in higher educationgovernance: comparing conceptual understandings displayed byUniversity Performance Agreements over time 308Magdalena Fellner, Attila Pausits and Florian Reisky14 Innovation and student equity in higher education 326Corinna Geppert and Franziska Lessky15 Emergency and innovation: the impact of state-of-emergency oninnovative educational practices during the Covid-19 pandemic 345Attila Pausits, Stefan Oppl, Sandra Schön, Magdalena Fellner, DavidF.J. Campbell and Martin DobiaschPART VI INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITYGOVERNANCE16 Accelerating institutional research in China’s higher educationinstitutions 373Qin Zhuoli17 Institutional research: past, present and future 381Ana Parrón Cabañero18 University governance in Austria, Finland and Scotland: possibleimplications from digitalization and Covid-19 394Kajetan Stransky-CanIndex

Edited by Elias G. Carayannis, Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, School of Business, George Washington University, US, Evangelos Grigoroudis, Professor of Quality Management, School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Greece, David F.J. Campbell, Department for Higher Education Research, The University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria and Sokratis K. Katsikas, Center for Cyber and Information Security, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

• Contents:Introduction to The Elgar Companion to Digital Transformation,Artificial Intelligence and Innovation in the Economy, Society and Democracy 1Elias G. Carayannis, Evangelos Grigoroudis, Sokratis Katsikas and David F.J.CampbellPART I CYBER-SECURITY1 Categorizing cyber effects 7Charles T. Harry and Nancy W. Gallagher2 The challenge of advanced cyberwar and the place of cyberpeace 33Elias G. Carayannis and John Draper3 International sea, air and space politics 81Alexandra FabrykowskaPART II INNOVATION AND CYBER-DEMOCRACY4 Innovation as a driver of political preference formation inpost-industrial society: origins and consequences 112David M. Wineroither5 Securing democracy in cyberspace 130Andrew N. Liaropoulos6 Microtargeting and big data: opportunities and threats for(cyber‑)democracy 145Matthias KeppelPART III SOCIETY 5.07 Digital and green twins of Industry & Society 5.0: the role of universities 166Elias G. Carayannis and Joanna Morawska8 Increasing the research relevance for societal actors: thecontribution of participatory research techniques to knowledgedemocracy 203Magdalena Fellner9 Crossing the black and white pattern of a chessboard with thecolors of art: the digital turn and live reform movement 4.0 224Ruth Mateus-BerrPART IV ECONOMY 5.0 AND QUINTUPLE INNOVATION HELIX10 Aligning the Quintuple Helix model of innovation withVietnam’s context: evidence from artificial intelligenceinnovation dialogues 252Anh-Nguyet Luong11 The bright future of ecosystem economies: explainable andreliable artificial intelligence via software–hardware interoperability 274Georg Christoph Hanschitz12 The academic firm within a Cyber-D4 environment 297David F.J. Campbell and Elias G. CarayannisPART V ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION INHIGHER EDUCATION13 Technology transfer and innovation in higher educationgovernance: comparing conceptual understandings displayed byUniversity Performance Agreements over time 308Magdalena Fellner, Attila Pausits and Florian Reisky14 Innovation and student equity in higher education 326Corinna Geppert and Franziska Lessky15 Emergency and innovation: the impact of state-of-emergency oninnovative educational practices during the Covid-19 pandemic 345Attila Pausits, Stefan Oppl, Sandra Schön, Magdalena Fellner, DavidF.J. Campbell and Martin DobiaschPART VI INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITYGOVERNANCE16 Accelerating institutional research in China’s higher educationinstitutions 373Qin Zhuoli17 Institutional research: past, present and future 381Ana Parrón Cabañero18 University governance in Austria, Finland and Scotland: possibleimplications from digitalization and Covid-19 394Kajetan Stransky-CanIndex