Brian Ball is Associate Professor in Philosophy at Northeastern University London. His research spans a range of areas, notably the philosophy of mind, language and artificial intelligence, and he has taught the early history of analytic philosophy, including Wittgenstein.Alice Helliwell is Assistant Professor in Philosophy at Northeastern University London. Her research is focused on computational creativity and AI art, including questions of aesthetics and ethics.Alessandro Rossi is Assistant Professor in Philosophy at Northeastern University London. His work focuses on logic, metaphysics and the areas in which they intersect.

‘This book offers fresh perspectives on AI through Wittgensteinian lenses: meaning as use, secondary meaning, creativity in rule-following, universals as family resemblances, analogical thinking, truthfulness, cognition embodied, language-games anchored in shared ways of living and acting – and thus potentially always more than what can be captured by LLMs.’ — Alois Pichler, Professor at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Bergen, and Head of the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen (WAB)

• Introduction; Brian Ball, Alice C. Helliwell and Alessandro Rossi; Chapter 1. Is, Ought and Wittgenstein ; Alessandro Rossi; Chapter 2. When Saying Sorry Is the Hardest Game to Play: Wittgenstein, AI and the Quest for Transparency; Burkhard Schafer; Chapter 3. Wittgensteinian Considerations of the Moral Status of Robots; Paula Sweeney; Chapter 4. Can Machines Act Ethically?; Luca Alberto Rappuoli; Chapter 5. Investigating Deepfakes: The Rise of New Authorities and the Question of Deepfake Regulation; Mehmet Taylan Cüyaz; Chapter 6. AI and the Cluster Account of Art; Alice C. Helliwell; Chapter 7. An Anthropology of the User in the Age of AI; Richard Harper; Chapter 8. Legal and Computer Rules: An Overview Inspired by Wittgenstein’s Remarks; Gianmarco Gori; Chapter 9 Practice Makes Human: Why We Can’t Understand Black-Box Artificial Intelligence; Jean-Charles Pelland, Jasmin Trächtler and Helene Love; Notes on Contributors; Index