John Roff was Professor and Canada Research Chair in Environmental Science and Conservation at Acadia University, Canada, and is now European Scholar in the EU Erasmus Mundus Programme. Mark Zacharias is Adjunct Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Victoria, Canada, and Assistant Deputy Minister with the Province of British Columbia, Canada. The book also includes earlier contributions by Jon Day, who is currently Director, Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Use, with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority in Australia. Jon's contributions primarily occurred during the late 1990s when he was working in North America, but today Jon's expertise is widely recognized in marine spatial planning and marine management matters.

"... I praise the authors for their focus on marine biodiversity patterns and approach to marine conservation based ecological principles, which is much needed."– Heike K. Lotze Dalhousie University, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Volume 87

• Preface.  Marine Conservation Ecology: Concepts and Frameworks  1. Introduction: Why Marine Conservation is Necessary  – Significance, Threats, and Management of the Oceans and Biodiversity  2. The Marine Environment: Physico-chemical Characteristics  – Structures and Processes, Enduring and Recurrent factors  3. The Marine Environment: Ecology and Biology Pelagic and Benthic Realms and Coastal Fringing Communities  4. Approaches to Marine Conservation Traditional Strategies and Ecological Frameworks  5. Representative Areas: Global to Ecoregional – Marine Conservation at the Ecosystem / Habitat Level  6. Habitats and Communities: Ecoregional to Local – Reality, Variability and Scales of Relationships  7. Distinctive Areas: Species and Ecosystem Processes Ecosystem Processes – Ergoclines and Hotspots  8. Patterns of Biodiversity: Species Diversity – Theories and Relationships: Global, Regional, Local  9. Species and Focal Species – Keystones, Umbrellas, Flagships, Indicators and Others  10. Genetic Diversity Significance of Genetics: From Genes to Ecosystems  11. Coastal zones Components, Complexities and Classifications 12. High Seas and Deep Seas Pelagic and Benthic, Hydrography and Biogeography  13. Linking Fisheries Management with Marine Conservation Objectives through Ecosystem Approaches – Compatibility of Exploitation and Preservation  14. Size and Boundaries of Protected Areas – Rationale for Function, Location, Dimensions  15. Evaluation of Protected Areas – The Concept of 'Value' as Applied to Marine Biodiversity  16. Sets of Protected Areas – Integrating Distinctive and Representative Protected Areas  17. Networks of Protected Areas – Patterns of Connectivity in the Oceans  18. Approaches to the Establishment of Marine Monitoring Programs – Stabilizing the Baselines  19. Remaining Problems in Marine Conservation – Present Problems, Future Solutions.  Index

John Roff was Professor and Canada Research Chair in Environmental Science and Conservation at Acadia University, Canada, and is now European Scholar in the EU Erasmus Mundus Programme. Mark Zacharias is Adjunct Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Victoria, Canada, and Assistant Deputy Minister with the Province of British Columbia, Canada. The book also includes earlier contributions by Jon Day, who is currently Director, Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Use, with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority in Australia. Jon's contributions primarily occurred during the late 1990s when he was working in North America, but today Jon's expertise is widely recognized in marine spatial planning and marine management matters.

"... I praise the authors for their focus on marine biodiversity patterns and approach to marine conservation based ecological principles, which is much needed."– Heike K. Lotze Dalhousie University, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Volume 87

• Preface.  Marine Conservation Ecology: Concepts and Frameworks  1. Introduction: Why Marine Conservation is Necessary  – Significance, Threats, and Management of the Oceans and Biodiversity  2. The Marine Environment: Physico-chemical Characteristics  – Structures and Processes, Enduring and Recurrent factors  3. The Marine Environment: Ecology and Biology Pelagic and Benthic Realms and Coastal Fringing Communities  4. Approaches to Marine Conservation Traditional Strategies and Ecological Frameworks  5. Representative Areas: Global to Ecoregional – Marine Conservation at the Ecosystem / Habitat Level  6. Habitats and Communities: Ecoregional to Local – Reality, Variability and Scales of Relationships  7. Distinctive Areas: Species and Ecosystem Processes Ecosystem Processes – Ergoclines and Hotspots  8. Patterns of Biodiversity: Species Diversity – Theories and Relationships: Global, Regional, Local  9. Species and Focal Species – Keystones, Umbrellas, Flagships, Indicators and Others  10. Genetic Diversity Significance of Genetics: From Genes to Ecosystems  11. Coastal zones Components, Complexities and Classifications 12. High Seas and Deep Seas Pelagic and Benthic, Hydrography and Biogeography  13. Linking Fisheries Management with Marine Conservation Objectives through Ecosystem Approaches – Compatibility of Exploitation and Preservation  14. Size and Boundaries of Protected Areas – Rationale for Function, Location, Dimensions  15. Evaluation of Protected Areas – The Concept of 'Value' as Applied to Marine Biodiversity  16. Sets of Protected Areas – Integrating Distinctive and Representative Protected Areas  17. Networks of Protected Areas – Patterns of Connectivity in the Oceans  18. Approaches to the Establishment of Marine Monitoring Programs – Stabilizing the Baselines  19. Remaining Problems in Marine Conservation – Present Problems, Future Solutions.  Index

John Roff was Professor and Canada Research Chair in Environmental Science and Conservation at Acadia University, Canada, and is now European Scholar in the EU Erasmus Mundus Programme. Mark Zacharias is Adjunct Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Victoria, Canada, and Assistant Deputy Minister with the Province of British Columbia, Canada. The book also includes earlier contributions by Jon Day, who is currently Director, Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Use, with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority in Australia. Jon's contributions primarily occurred during the late 1990s when he was working in North America, but today Jon's expertise is widely recognized in marine spatial planning and marine management matters.

"... I praise the authors for their focus on marine biodiversity patterns and approach to marine conservation based ecological principles, which is much needed."– Heike K. Lotze Dalhousie University, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Volume 87

• Preface.  Marine Conservation Ecology: Concepts and Frameworks  1. Introduction: Why Marine Conservation is Necessary  – Significance, Threats, and Management of the Oceans and Biodiversity  2. The Marine Environment: Physico-chemical Characteristics  – Structures and Processes, Enduring and Recurrent factors  3. The Marine Environment: Ecology and Biology Pelagic and Benthic Realms and Coastal Fringing Communities  4. Approaches to Marine Conservation Traditional Strategies and Ecological Frameworks  5. Representative Areas: Global to Ecoregional – Marine Conservation at the Ecosystem / Habitat Level  6. Habitats and Communities: Ecoregional to Local – Reality, Variability and Scales of Relationships  7. Distinctive Areas: Species and Ecosystem Processes Ecosystem Processes – Ergoclines and Hotspots  8. Patterns of Biodiversity: Species Diversity – Theories and Relationships: Global, Regional, Local  9. Species and Focal Species – Keystones, Umbrellas, Flagships, Indicators and Others  10. Genetic Diversity Significance of Genetics: From Genes to Ecosystems  11. Coastal zones Components, Complexities and Classifications 12. High Seas and Deep Seas Pelagic and Benthic, Hydrography and Biogeography  13. Linking Fisheries Management with Marine Conservation Objectives through Ecosystem Approaches – Compatibility of Exploitation and Preservation  14. Size and Boundaries of Protected Areas – Rationale for Function, Location, Dimensions  15. Evaluation of Protected Areas – The Concept of 'Value' as Applied to Marine Biodiversity  16. Sets of Protected Areas – Integrating Distinctive and Representative Protected Areas  17. Networks of Protected Areas – Patterns of Connectivity in the Oceans  18. Approaches to the Establishment of Marine Monitoring Programs – Stabilizing the Baselines  19. Remaining Problems in Marine Conservation – Present Problems, Future Solutions.  Index