This work looks at the efforts of Iranians to defend, if not expand, their borders in the 19th and early-20th centuries, and explores how their conceptions of national geography influenced cultural and political change.

This work looks at the efforts of Iranians to defend, if not expand, their borders in the 19th and early-20th centuries, and explores how their conceptions of national geography influenced cultural and political change.

This work looks at the efforts of Iranians to defend, if not expand, their borders in the 19th and early-20th centuries, and explores how their conceptions of national geography influenced cultural and political change.