Colin Baker is Emeritus Professor of Education at Bangor University. He has three bilingual children and has given talks for over 20 years to parents and teachers on bilingualism. His many publications on bilingualism include Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, which has been translated into Japanese, Spanish, Latvian, Greek and Mandarin and is now in its 5th edition (2011).Nancy H. Hornberger is Professor of Education and Director of Educational Linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Recent three-time Fulbright Senior Specialist, to Paraguay, New Zealand, and South Africa respectively, Hornberger teaches, lectures, and advises on multilingualism and education throughout the world and has authored or edited over two dozen books, including most recently Can Schools Save Indigenous Languages? Policy and Practice on Four Continents (Palgrave Macmillan 2008), and the ten-volume Encyclopedia of Language and Education (Springer 2008).

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• AcknowledgementsJim Cummins: A Biographical IntroductionSection One: The 1970s A Theoretical Perspective on the Relationship between Bilingualism and Thought The Influence of Bilingualism on Cognitive Growth: A Synthesis of Research Findings and Explanatory Hypotheses Immersion Programs: The Irish Experience Linguistic Interdependence and the Educational Development of Bilingual Children Research Findings from French Immersion Programs Across Canada: A Parent’s GuideSection Two: The 1980s The Entry and Exit Fallacy in Bilingual Education Tests, Achievement, and Bilingual Students Learning Difficulties in ‘Immersion’ ProgrammesEmpowering Minority Students: A Framework for InterventionPsychological Assessment of Minority Students: Out of Context, Out of Focus, Out of Control? From the Inner City to the Global Village: The Microcomputer as a Catalyst for Collaborative Learning and Cultural Interchange From Multicultural to Anti-racist Education: An Analysis of Programmes and Policies in Ontario The Role and Use of Educational Theory in Formulating Language Policy Section Three: The 1990sHeritage Language Teaching in Canadian Schools Empowerment through Biliteracy Multicultural Education and Technology: Promise and PitfallsBabel Babble: Reframing the Discourse of Diversity Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Education: A Mainstream Issue? Alternative Paradigms in Bilingual Education Research: Does Theory Have a Place?Curriculum Vitae