Green Economy Implementation in the Agriculture Sector

Constansia Musvoto is an agro-ecologist with research experience in agricultural systems and in environmental management. She has worked in environmental research and consulting and in agricultural research and has been involved in research and outreach on the green economy; natural resource management by rural communities covering soil fertility management, woodland management and environmentally sustainable crop production and pesticide use.  She has conducted research for diverse clients, including evaluating feasible species for economic development through forestry and agriculture on previously mined land for a mining company and assessing implications of climate change for agriculture in southern Africa for an agricultural union. Her research interests include the role of agriculture in a green economy, climate change and its implications for agriculture, sustainable agriculture and the role of environmental assessment and management tools in supporting sustainableagriculture. Constansia is currently engaged in research on the role of agriculture in a green economy and on sustainable production and commercialization strategies in the smallholder farming sector of South Africa.Karen Nortje is a Senior Researcher and Environmental Anthropologist at the CSIR’s Natural Resources and the Environment Unit.  She holds a Masters degree in Social Anthropology from the University of the Witwatersrand and is currently in a PhD programme with the University of Johannesburg. Her key competencies lie in researching and understanding socio/cultural issues which often means that her research is directed at the local and individual level of society. Her expertise therefore includes understanding community organisation, working with communities, and determining social and cultural impacts.  Karen also has extensive knowledge on indigenous knowledge systems and their impact on water resources and related environmental goods andservices. She has done extensive fieldwork throughout South Africa as well as internationally (e.g. Costa Rica, India, Mozambique, Vietnam). She does research on the role of public belief systems in perception on bio-physical (including climate change), socio-economic and cultural-spiritual vulnerabilities in rural communities, social ecology and conservation, as well as the uptake of scientific research. Karen has been working at the CSIR for about nine years and has more than twelve years of experience in research specialising in qualitative research methodology and method.  Anton Nahman holds an MSc in Environment and Development from the University of Manchester, United Kingdom. He has over 10 years of experience in environmental economics research, applied to a diverse range of areas. These include economic valuation of environmental resources and impacts; cost-benefit analysis; the economics of pollution and waste management; economic incentive-based policy tools for developing a green economy in the agricultural, water and waste sectors; the development of decision-support tools and models; and the development of alternative indicators of well-being. For example, Anton has conducted cost-benefit analyses comparing, among others, alternative treatment measures for acid-mind drainage. He has also assessed the economic benefits of biodiversity and of eco-labels such as Blue Flag status, the economic impacts of poor water quality, and the full costs (including financial costs and environmental/social externalities) of food waste and of disposal of waste to landfill. He has evaluated market-based approaches to water-demand management, waste management, and recycling. Finally, he has developed a Green Economy Index for measuring progress toward a green economy, and a decision support tool for assessing the costs and benefits of alternative approaches to collection of household recyclables.William Stafford is a life scientist with research and development experience spanning twenty years. His research encompasses diverse fields of biochemistry, biotechnology, microbial ecology, systems biology, holistic resource management, industrial ecology, renewable energy and permaculture. As a senior researcher at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), an overarching research question is: How can our natural resources be used sustainably for the benefit of all? Current research involves assessing various technology options, value-chains and alternate development scenarios to guide project and policy developments for the transition to a Green Economy and a more sustainable development path. Bioenergy is currently a research focus area that addresses a multiple development objectives; such as economic feasibility, social acceptance, environmental impacts and the allocation of biomass resources for the production of food, fuel, timber, chemicals and fibres in the growing Bio-economy.

• Chapter 1: Agriculture in a green economy.- Chapter 2: The socio-economic context.- Chapter 3:The biophysical and environmental context.- Chapter 4: Making sense of green economy imperatives at a practical level: South African field case studies of small-scale vegetable production.- Chapter 5: Moving from theory to practice: A framework for green economy project implementation.- Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations.