Marita Rautiainen is a post-doctoral researcher in the School of Engineering Science at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. With a background as an entrepreneur, Marita teaches entrepreneurship theory and family business, and her research focuses on the development of the family business group. Peter Rosa is the George David Emeritus Professor of Entrepreneurship and Family Business at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He specialises in portfolio entrepreneurship and family business groups in Europe and East Africa.Timo Pihkala is Professor of Entrepreneurship at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland, where he is currently Head of the Entrepreneurship Masters programme. His research interests revolve around entrepreneurship education, SME innovation, small business networks, and family business and ownership.Maria José Parada is a Lecturer in the Department of Strategy and General Management at ESADE, Spain. She is also Co-Director of the ESADE Family Business Lab, having previously studied at ESADE Business School and Jönköping International Business School, Sweden.Allan Discua Cruz is a Lecturer in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy at Lancaster University Management School, UK. He has published on the topics of portfolio entrepreneurship and family business groups in Latin America.

• 1. Introduction; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala, Maria José Parada and Allan Discua Cruz.- Part I. Theoretical and Methodological Reflections.- 2. Theoretical Insights into the Nature, Diversity and Persistence of Business Groups; Peter Rosa and Timo Pihkala.- 3. The Methodological Challenges of Researching Family-owned Business Groups; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen and Timo Pihkala.- Part II. The Emergence of Family Business Groups through Portfolio Entrepreneurship.- 4. The Emergence of a Family Business Group: The Role of Portfolio Entrepreneurship; Marita Rautiainen and Timo Pihkala.- 5. Managing Portfolio Business: A Case Study; Donato Iacobucci and Peter Rosa.- 6. Entrepreneurial Growth through Portfolio Entrepreneurship: The Entrepreneurial Career Ladder; Peter Rosa.- 7. Resourcefulness and the Informal Economy: From Pluriactivity to Portfolio Entrepreneurship; Naveed Akhter and Ernestine Ning.- Part III. Complexity and the Development of Family Business Groups.- 8. The Dynamics and Complexity of Family Business Groups; Kajari Mukherjee, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala and Peter Rosa.- 9. Understanding the Dynamics of Business Group Development: A Transgenerational Perspective; Maria José Parada, Naveed Akhter,  Rodrigo Basco, Allan Discua-Cruz, Sarah Fitz-Koch.- 10. Deciphering Ownership of Family Business Groups; Timo Pihkala, Sanjay Goel, Marita Rautiainen, Kajari Mukherjee and Markku Ikävalko.- 11.  Governance in Family Business Groups: Resolving Multiple Contingencies to Sustain Entrepreneurial Capability; Sanjay Goel, Tuuli Ikäheimonen, and Marita Rautiainen.- Part IV. Family Business Groups in Different Local Contexts.- 12.  The Contribution of Family Business Groups to the Local Innovation Environment; Suvi Konsti-Laakso, Jussi Heikkilä, Marita Rautiainen, Satu Rinkinen and Naveed Akhter.- 13. Resilience and Family Business Groups in Unstable Economies; Allan Discua Cruz, Rodrigo Basco, Maria José Parada, Antonio Malfense-Fierro, Cristina Alvarado.- 14. Entrepreneurship and Rural Family Identity: Understanding Portfolio Development in a Family Farm Business; Sarah Fitz-Koch, Sarah Cooper and Allan Discua Cruz.- Part V. Conclusion.- 15. Conclusions; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala, Maria José Parada and Allan Discua Cruz.

Marita Rautiainen is a post-doctoral researcher in the School of Engineering Science at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. With a background as an entrepreneur, Marita teaches entrepreneurship theory and family business, and her research focuses on the development of the family business group. Peter Rosa is the George David Emeritus Professor of Entrepreneurship and Family Business at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He specialises in portfolio entrepreneurship and family business groups in Europe and East Africa.Timo Pihkala is Professor of Entrepreneurship at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland, where he is currently Head of the Entrepreneurship Masters programme. His research interests revolve around entrepreneurship education, SME innovation, small business networks, and family business and ownership.Maria José Parada is a Lecturer in the Department of Strategy and General Management at ESADE, Spain. She is also Co-Director of the ESADE Family Business Lab, having previously studied at ESADE Business School and Jönköping International Business School, Sweden.Allan Discua Cruz is a Lecturer in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy at Lancaster University Management School, UK. He has published on the topics of portfolio entrepreneurship and family business groups in Latin America.

• 1. Introduction; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala, Maria José Parada and Allan Discua Cruz.- Part I. Theoretical and Methodological Reflections.- 2. Theoretical Insights into the Nature, Diversity and Persistence of Business Groups; Peter Rosa and Timo Pihkala.- 3. The Methodological Challenges of Researching Family-owned Business Groups; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen and Timo Pihkala.- Part II. The Emergence of Family Business Groups through Portfolio Entrepreneurship.- 4. The Emergence of a Family Business Group: The Role of Portfolio Entrepreneurship; Marita Rautiainen and Timo Pihkala.- 5. Managing Portfolio Business: A Case Study; Donato Iacobucci and Peter Rosa.- 6. Entrepreneurial Growth through Portfolio Entrepreneurship: The Entrepreneurial Career Ladder; Peter Rosa.- 7. Resourcefulness and the Informal Economy: From Pluriactivity to Portfolio Entrepreneurship; Naveed Akhter and Ernestine Ning.- Part III. Complexity and the Development of Family Business Groups.- 8. The Dynamics and Complexity of Family Business Groups; Kajari Mukherjee, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala and Peter Rosa.- 9. Understanding the Dynamics of Business Group Development: A Transgenerational Perspective; Maria José Parada, Naveed Akhter,  Rodrigo Basco, Allan Discua-Cruz, Sarah Fitz-Koch.- 10. Deciphering Ownership of Family Business Groups; Timo Pihkala, Sanjay Goel, Marita Rautiainen, Kajari Mukherjee and Markku Ikävalko.- 11.  Governance in Family Business Groups: Resolving Multiple Contingencies to Sustain Entrepreneurial Capability; Sanjay Goel, Tuuli Ikäheimonen, and Marita Rautiainen.- Part IV. Family Business Groups in Different Local Contexts.- 12.  The Contribution of Family Business Groups to the Local Innovation Environment; Suvi Konsti-Laakso, Jussi Heikkilä, Marita Rautiainen, Satu Rinkinen and Naveed Akhter.- 13. Resilience and Family Business Groups in Unstable Economies; Allan Discua Cruz, Rodrigo Basco, Maria José Parada, Antonio Malfense-Fierro, Cristina Alvarado.- 14. Entrepreneurship and Rural Family Identity: Understanding Portfolio Development in a Family Farm Business; Sarah Fitz-Koch, Sarah Cooper and Allan Discua Cruz.- Part V. Conclusion.- 15. Conclusions; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala, Maria José Parada and Allan Discua Cruz.

Marita Rautiainen is a post-doctoral researcher in the School of Engineering Science at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. With a background as an entrepreneur, Marita teaches entrepreneurship theory and family business, and her research focuses on the development of the family business group. Peter Rosa is the George David Emeritus Professor of Entrepreneurship and Family Business at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He specialises in portfolio entrepreneurship and family business groups in Europe and East Africa.Timo Pihkala is Professor of Entrepreneurship at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland, where he is currently Head of the Entrepreneurship Masters programme. His research interests revolve around entrepreneurship education, SME innovation, small business networks, and family business and ownership.Maria José Parada is a Lecturer in the Department of Strategy and General Management at ESADE, Spain. She is also Co-Director of the ESADE Family Business Lab, having previously studied at ESADE Business School and Jönköping International Business School, Sweden.Allan Discua Cruz is a Lecturer in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy at Lancaster University Management School, UK. He has published on the topics of portfolio entrepreneurship and family business groups in Latin America.

• 1. Introduction; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala, Maria José Parada and Allan Discua Cruz.- Part I. Theoretical and Methodological Reflections.- 2. Theoretical Insights into the Nature, Diversity and Persistence of Business Groups; Peter Rosa and Timo Pihkala.- 3. The Methodological Challenges of Researching Family-owned Business Groups; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen and Timo Pihkala.- Part II. The Emergence of Family Business Groups through Portfolio Entrepreneurship.- 4. The Emergence of a Family Business Group: The Role of Portfolio Entrepreneurship; Marita Rautiainen and Timo Pihkala.- 5. Managing Portfolio Business: A Case Study; Donato Iacobucci and Peter Rosa.- 6. Entrepreneurial Growth through Portfolio Entrepreneurship: The Entrepreneurial Career Ladder; Peter Rosa.- 7. Resourcefulness and the Informal Economy: From Pluriactivity to Portfolio Entrepreneurship; Naveed Akhter and Ernestine Ning.- Part III. Complexity and the Development of Family Business Groups.- 8. The Dynamics and Complexity of Family Business Groups; Kajari Mukherjee, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala and Peter Rosa.- 9. Understanding the Dynamics of Business Group Development: A Transgenerational Perspective; Maria José Parada, Naveed Akhter,  Rodrigo Basco, Allan Discua-Cruz, Sarah Fitz-Koch.- 10. Deciphering Ownership of Family Business Groups; Timo Pihkala, Sanjay Goel, Marita Rautiainen, Kajari Mukherjee and Markku Ikävalko.- 11.  Governance in Family Business Groups: Resolving Multiple Contingencies to Sustain Entrepreneurial Capability; Sanjay Goel, Tuuli Ikäheimonen, and Marita Rautiainen.- Part IV. Family Business Groups in Different Local Contexts.- 12.  The Contribution of Family Business Groups to the Local Innovation Environment; Suvi Konsti-Laakso, Jussi Heikkilä, Marita Rautiainen, Satu Rinkinen and Naveed Akhter.- 13. Resilience and Family Business Groups in Unstable Economies; Allan Discua Cruz, Rodrigo Basco, Maria José Parada, Antonio Malfense-Fierro, Cristina Alvarado.- 14. Entrepreneurship and Rural Family Identity: Understanding Portfolio Development in a Family Farm Business; Sarah Fitz-Koch, Sarah Cooper and Allan Discua Cruz.- Part V. Conclusion.- 15. Conclusions; Peter Rosa, Marita Rautiainen, Timo Pihkala, Maria José Parada and Allan Discua Cruz.