Lisandro E. Claudio is Associate Professor at De La Salle University Manila’s College of Liberal Arts, Philippines, and teaches courses in History and Literature. He is the author of Liberalism and the Postcolony: Thinking the State in 20th-Century Philippines.

• Chapter 1: Creolism and the Liberal Nineteenth Century.- Chapter 2: Pain and the Purification of Liberty.- Chapter 3: Noli Me Tangere and the Failure of Transplanted Liberalism.- Chapter 4: The Solution of the Enigma in El Filibusterismo.- Chapter 5: Conclusion: Resurrecting Plants.

Lisandro E. Claudio is Associate Professor at De La Salle University Manila’s College of Liberal Arts, Philippines, and teaches courses in History and Literature. He is the author of Liberalism and the Postcolony: Thinking the State in 20th-Century Philippines.

• Chapter 1: Creolism and the Liberal Nineteenth Century.- Chapter 2: Pain and the Purification of Liberty.- Chapter 3: Noli Me Tangere and the Failure of Transplanted Liberalism.- Chapter 4: The Solution of the Enigma in El Filibusterismo.- Chapter 5: Conclusion: Resurrecting Plants.

Lisandro E. Claudio is Associate Professor at De La Salle University Manila’s College of Liberal Arts, Philippines, and teaches courses in History and Literature. He is the author of Liberalism and the Postcolony: Thinking the State in 20th-Century Philippines.

• Chapter 1: Creolism and the Liberal Nineteenth Century.- Chapter 2: Pain and the Purification of Liberty.- Chapter 3: Noli Me Tangere and the Failure of Transplanted Liberalism.- Chapter 4: The Solution of the Enigma in El Filibusterismo.- Chapter 5: Conclusion: Resurrecting Plants.