Billur Aslan Ozgul is Lecturer in Political Communication at Brunel University London, UK. Her work on social movements, social media and the Middle East has been published in the International Journal of Communication, Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, and the Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication.

“Leading Protests in the Digital Age provides an efficient resource for readers, especially those interested in the Arab Spring uprisings. ... the study is a useful resource for readers from different disciplines such as journalism, sociology and political science, and academics working on the Syrian refugee issue.” (Merve Şentöregil, Insight Turkey, Vol. 22 (1), 2020)

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Egypt and Syria: Similarities and differences between two countries.- Chapter 3. Three styles of leadership in the Egyptian protests.- Chapter 4. Resource mobilisation strategies retested.- Chapter 5. Breaking the silence: The efforts of Syrian activists to organise and mobilise digitally supported protests.- Chapter 6. How the peaceful protests turned into armed struggles in Syria.- Chapter 7. A Comparison of leaders’ capabilities and their resources.- Chapter 8. Conclusions.

Billur Aslan Ozgul is Lecturer in Political Communication at Brunel University London, UK. Her work on social movements, social media and the Middle East has been published in the International Journal of Communication, Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, and the Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication.

“Leading Protests in the Digital Age provides an efficient resource for readers, especially those interested in the Arab Spring uprisings. ... the study is a useful resource for readers from different disciplines such as journalism, sociology and political science, and academics working on the Syrian refugee issue.” (Merve Şentöregil, Insight Turkey, Vol. 22 (1), 2020)

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Egypt and Syria: Similarities and differences between two countries.- Chapter 3. Three styles of leadership in the Egyptian protests.- Chapter 4. Resource mobilisation strategies retested.- Chapter 5. Breaking the silence: The efforts of Syrian activists to organise and mobilise digitally supported protests.- Chapter 6. How the peaceful protests turned into armed struggles in Syria.- Chapter 7. A Comparison of leaders’ capabilities and their resources.- Chapter 8. Conclusions.

Billur Aslan Ozgul is Lecturer in Political Communication at Brunel University London, UK. Her work on social movements, social media and the Middle East has been published in the International Journal of Communication, Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, and the Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication.

“Leading Protests in the Digital Age provides an efficient resource for readers, especially those interested in the Arab Spring uprisings. ... the study is a useful resource for readers from different disciplines such as journalism, sociology and political science, and academics working on the Syrian refugee issue.” (Merve Şentöregil, Insight Turkey, Vol. 22 (1), 2020)

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Egypt and Syria: Similarities and differences between two countries.- Chapter 3. Three styles of leadership in the Egyptian protests.- Chapter 4. Resource mobilisation strategies retested.- Chapter 5. Breaking the silence: The efforts of Syrian activists to organise and mobilise digitally supported protests.- Chapter 6. How the peaceful protests turned into armed struggles in Syria.- Chapter 7. A Comparison of leaders’ capabilities and their resources.- Chapter 8. Conclusions.