Efe Sevin is an Assistant Professor in the Mass Communication Department of Towson University, Maryland, USA. Sohaela Amiri is Pardee RAND Graduate School (PRGS) Fellow at the RAND Corporation, USA.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Beyond networking? The agency of City Network Secretariats in the realm of city diplomacy.- 3. Cacophony or complementarity? The expanding ecosystem of city networks under scrutiny.- 4. Marine protection in the polycentric governance system: The PEMSEA Network of Local Governments (PNLG).- 5. A framework of city diplomacy on positive outcomes and negative emotional engagement: How to enhance the international role of cities and city/mayor branding on Twitter?.- 6. Museums as actors of city diplomacy: From "hard" assets to "soft" power.- 7. Un-nation branding: The cities of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in Israeli soft power.- 8. Do cities leverage summits to enhance their image online? Examining the Twittersphere of the Inaugural U20 Mayoral Summit, Buenos Aires, Argentina.- 9. How are cities inserting themselves in the international system?.- 10. Strategies for enhancing EU city diplomacy.- 11. Making US MOIA sustainable institutions for conducting city diplomacy by protecting their precarious values.- 12. The branding of Singapore as city of international peace dialogue.- 13. Paradiplomacy and city branding: The case of Medellin, Colombia (2004-2019).- 14. City diplomacy in young democracies: The case of the Baltics.- 15. Turku (Finland) as a case study in the city diplomacy of small urban centers, 1971-2011.

Efe Sevin is an Assistant Professor in the Mass Communication Department of Towson University, Maryland, USA. Sohaela Amiri is Pardee RAND Graduate School (PRGS) Fellow at the RAND Corporation, USA.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Beyond networking? The agency of City Network Secretariats in the realm of city diplomacy.- 3. Cacophony or complementarity? The expanding ecosystem of city networks under scrutiny.- 4. Marine protection in the polycentric governance system: The PEMSEA Network of Local Governments (PNLG).- 5. A framework of city diplomacy on positive outcomes and negative emotional engagement: How to enhance the international role of cities and city/mayor branding on Twitter?.- 6. Museums as actors of city diplomacy: From "hard" assets to "soft" power.- 7. Un-nation branding: The cities of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in Israeli soft power.- 8. Do cities leverage summits to enhance their image online? Examining the Twittersphere of the Inaugural U20 Mayoral Summit, Buenos Aires, Argentina.- 9. How are cities inserting themselves in the international system?.- 10. Strategies for enhancing EU city diplomacy.- 11. Making US MOIA sustainable institutions for conducting city diplomacy by protecting their precarious values.- 12. The branding of Singapore as city of international peace dialogue.- 13. Paradiplomacy and city branding: The case of Medellin, Colombia (2004-2019).- 14. City diplomacy in young democracies: The case of the Baltics.- 15. Turku (Finland) as a case study in the city diplomacy of small urban centers, 1971-2011.

Efe Sevin is an Assistant Professor in the Mass Communication Department of Towson University, Maryland, USA. Sohaela Amiri is Pardee RAND Graduate School (PRGS) Fellow at the RAND Corporation, USA.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Beyond networking? The agency of City Network Secretariats in the realm of city diplomacy.- 3. Cacophony or complementarity? The expanding ecosystem of city networks under scrutiny.- 4. Marine protection in the polycentric governance system: The PEMSEA Network of Local Governments (PNLG).- 5. A framework of city diplomacy on positive outcomes and negative emotional engagement: How to enhance the international role of cities and city/mayor branding on Twitter?.- 6. Museums as actors of city diplomacy: From "hard" assets to "soft" power.- 7. Un-nation branding: The cities of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in Israeli soft power.- 8. Do cities leverage summits to enhance their image online? Examining the Twittersphere of the Inaugural U20 Mayoral Summit, Buenos Aires, Argentina.- 9. How are cities inserting themselves in the international system?.- 10. Strategies for enhancing EU city diplomacy.- 11. Making US MOIA sustainable institutions for conducting city diplomacy by protecting their precarious values.- 12. The branding of Singapore as city of international peace dialogue.- 13. Paradiplomacy and city branding: The case of Medellin, Colombia (2004-2019).- 14. City diplomacy in young democracies: The case of the Baltics.- 15. Turku (Finland) as a case study in the city diplomacy of small urban centers, 1971-2011.