Marouf A. Hasian Jr. is Distinguished Professor and Co-Chair of communication at the University of Utah, USA. He is author of Restorative Justice, Humanitarian Rhetorics, and Public Memories of Colonial Camp Cultures (2014), and more than a dozen other books. Nicholas S. Paliewicz is Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Louisville, USA. He is co-author of The Securitization of Memorial Space and Racial Terrorism: A Rhetorical Investigation of Lynching (2019) and has authored essay in journals such as Argumentation and Advocacy, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, International Journal of Communication, and Environmental Communication.

• Chapter 1: Introduction: U.S. Cities’ Agentic Role in 21st Century Memory and Monument Wars.- Chapter 2: The Fortification of New York City: Post-9/11 Memorialization and the Localization of the War on Terror.- Chapter 3: Civil Lawfare, Remembrances of Lost Causes, and Charlottesville’s Confederate Monument Controversies.- Chapter 4: Montgomery, “Racial Terror” Lynching Remembrances, and Municipal Quests for American Truth and Reconciliation.- Chapter 5: The Future Roles of Remembering and Forgetting for Agentic 21st Century Cities.

Marouf A. Hasian Jr. is Distinguished Professor and Co-Chair of communication at the University of Utah, USA. He is author of Restorative Justice, Humanitarian Rhetorics, and Public Memories of Colonial Camp Cultures (2014), and more than a dozen other books. Nicholas S. Paliewicz is Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Louisville, USA. He is co-author of The Securitization of Memorial Space and Racial Terrorism: A Rhetorical Investigation of Lynching (2019) and has authored essay in journals such as Argumentation and Advocacy, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, International Journal of Communication, and Environmental Communication.

• Chapter 1: Introduction: U.S. Cities’ Agentic Role in 21st Century Memory and Monument Wars.- Chapter 2: The Fortification of New York City: Post-9/11 Memorialization and the Localization of the War on Terror.- Chapter 3: Civil Lawfare, Remembrances of Lost Causes, and Charlottesville’s Confederate Monument Controversies.- Chapter 4: Montgomery, “Racial Terror” Lynching Remembrances, and Municipal Quests for American Truth and Reconciliation.- Chapter 5: The Future Roles of Remembering and Forgetting for Agentic 21st Century Cities.

Marouf A. Hasian Jr. is Distinguished Professor and Co-Chair of communication at the University of Utah, USA. He is author of Restorative Justice, Humanitarian Rhetorics, and Public Memories of Colonial Camp Cultures (2014), and more than a dozen other books. Nicholas S. Paliewicz is Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Louisville, USA. He is co-author of The Securitization of Memorial Space and Racial Terrorism: A Rhetorical Investigation of Lynching (2019) and has authored essay in journals such as Argumentation and Advocacy, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, International Journal of Communication, and Environmental Communication.

• Chapter 1: Introduction: U.S. Cities’ Agentic Role in 21st Century Memory and Monument Wars.- Chapter 2: The Fortification of New York City: Post-9/11 Memorialization and the Localization of the War on Terror.- Chapter 3: Civil Lawfare, Remembrances of Lost Causes, and Charlottesville’s Confederate Monument Controversies.- Chapter 4: Montgomery, “Racial Terror” Lynching Remembrances, and Municipal Quests for American Truth and Reconciliation.- Chapter 5: The Future Roles of Remembering and Forgetting for Agentic 21st Century Cities.