Jens Dibbern is Professor and Co-Director of the Institute of Information Systems at the University of Bern, Switzerland. His research focuses on various aspects of information systems coordination and management, such as outsourcing, robotic process automation, platform governance, and IT-supported collaboration.Jens Förderer has been Assistant Professor of Innovation and Digitization at the School of Management, Technical University of Munich (Germany) since 2019. His research focuses on the economics of platforms – one of the key implications of the digitalization. In his research, Jens Förderer investigates different approaches to the management of digital platforms.Thomas Kude is Associate Professor of Information Systems at ESSEC Business School in France. His recent research has primarily focused on digital innovation produced by collectives of organizations and individuals. For example, he has studied the governance and evolution of digital platforms and ecosystems in different domains, including enterprise software and mobile apps, and the collaboration in software development teams.Franz Rothlauf is Professor and Chief Information Officer at the University of Mainz, Germany. His main research areas are the application and analysis of metaheuristics and neural networks as well as decision support systems.Kai Spohrer is Associate Professor of Information Systems at the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Germany. His research interests include coordination and team cognition in software development and IT healthcare.

• Part 1. Introduction.- Chapter 1. Studying Digitalization Across Levels: An Overview and Introduction.- Part 2. Outsourcing and Multi-party Projects: Reflections and Experiences.- Chapter 2. The Early History of It Outsourcing – a Personal Reflection.- Chapter 3. How to Ensure Collective Action in Multinational Projects - Insights from the EurHisFirm Project.- Part 3. Culture and Gender: Recognition of Promotion.- Chapter 4. A Theory of Organizational Information Culture.- Chapter 5. It or Not It? A Female View on Inhibiting and Promoting Factors in Young Women’s Decisions for a Career in It.- Part 4. Digital Platforms and Ecosystems: Outcomes and Implications.- Chapter 6. How Access to Resources Affects Complementor Innovation in Platform Ecosystems.- Chapter 7. The Economic and Social Consequences of Digital Platforms: A Systematic and Interdisciplinary Literature Review.- Part 5. Emerging Technologies: Affordances and Opportunities.- Chapter 8. The Affordances of Blockchain Platforms: Why Service Providers Use Blockchains.- Chapter 9. Process Mining for Carbon Accounting: An Analysis of Requirements and Potentials.- Part 6. Recommendation Networks and Industry Structure: Sales and Market Analysis.- Chapter 10. The Impact of Product Recommendation Networks on Sales: The Moderating Influence of Product Age.- Chapter 11. Airline Market Concentration in Europe.

Jens Dibbern is Professor and Co-Director of the Institute of Information Systems at the University of Bern, Switzerland. His research focuses on various aspects of information systems coordination and management, such as outsourcing, robotic process automation, platform governance, and IT-supported collaboration.Jens Förderer has been Assistant Professor of Innovation and Digitization at the School of Management, Technical University of Munich (Germany) since 2019. His research focuses on the economics of platforms – one of the key implications of the digitalization. In his research, Jens Förderer investigates different approaches to the management of digital platforms.Thomas Kude is Associate Professor of Information Systems at ESSEC Business School in France. His recent research has primarily focused on digital innovation produced by collectives of organizations and individuals. For example, he has studied the governance and evolution of digital platforms and ecosystems in different domains, including enterprise software and mobile apps, and the collaboration in software development teams.Franz Rothlauf is Professor and Chief Information Officer at the University of Mainz, Germany. His main research areas are the application and analysis of metaheuristics and neural networks as well as decision support systems.Kai Spohrer is Associate Professor of Information Systems at the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Germany. His research interests include coordination and team cognition in software development and IT healthcare.

• Part 1. Introduction.- Chapter 1. Studying Digitalization Across Levels: An Overview and Introduction.- Part 2. Outsourcing and Multi-party Projects: Reflections and Experiences.- Chapter 2. The Early History of It Outsourcing – a Personal Reflection.- Chapter 3. How to Ensure Collective Action in Multinational Projects - Insights from the EurHisFirm Project.- Part 3. Culture and Gender: Recognition of Promotion.- Chapter 4. A Theory of Organizational Information Culture.- Chapter 5. It or Not It? A Female View on Inhibiting and Promoting Factors in Young Women’s Decisions for a Career in It.- Part 4. Digital Platforms and Ecosystems: Outcomes and Implications.- Chapter 6. How Access to Resources Affects Complementor Innovation in Platform Ecosystems.- Chapter 7. The Economic and Social Consequences of Digital Platforms: A Systematic and Interdisciplinary Literature Review.- Part 5. Emerging Technologies: Affordances and Opportunities.- Chapter 8. The Affordances of Blockchain Platforms: Why Service Providers Use Blockchains.- Chapter 9. Process Mining for Carbon Accounting: An Analysis of Requirements and Potentials.- Part 6. Recommendation Networks and Industry Structure: Sales and Market Analysis.- Chapter 10. The Impact of Product Recommendation Networks on Sales: The Moderating Influence of Product Age.- Chapter 11. Airline Market Concentration in Europe.

Jens Dibbern is Professor and Co-Director of the Institute of Information Systems at the University of Bern, Switzerland. His research focuses on various aspects of information systems coordination and management, such as outsourcing, robotic process automation, platform governance, and IT-supported collaboration.Jens Förderer has been Assistant Professor of Innovation and Digitization at the School of Management, Technical University of Munich (Germany) since 2019. His research focuses on the economics of platforms – one of the key implications of the digitalization. In his research, Jens Förderer investigates different approaches to the management of digital platforms.Thomas Kude is Associate Professor of Information Systems at ESSEC Business School in France. His recent research has primarily focused on digital innovation produced by collectives of organizations and individuals. For example, he has studied the governance and evolution of digital platforms and ecosystems in different domains, including enterprise software and mobile apps, and the collaboration in software development teams.Franz Rothlauf is Professor and Chief Information Officer at the University of Mainz, Germany. His main research areas are the application and analysis of metaheuristics and neural networks as well as decision support systems.Kai Spohrer is Associate Professor of Information Systems at the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Germany. His research interests include coordination and team cognition in software development and IT healthcare.

• Part 1. Introduction.- Chapter 1. Studying Digitalization Across Levels: An Overview and Introduction.- Part 2. Outsourcing and Multi-party Projects: Reflections and Experiences.- Chapter 2. The Early History of It Outsourcing – a Personal Reflection.- Chapter 3. How to Ensure Collective Action in Multinational Projects - Insights from the EurHisFirm Project.- Part 3. Culture and Gender: Recognition of Promotion.- Chapter 4. A Theory of Organizational Information Culture.- Chapter 5. It or Not It? A Female View on Inhibiting and Promoting Factors in Young Women’s Decisions for a Career in It.- Part 4. Digital Platforms and Ecosystems: Outcomes and Implications.- Chapter 6. How Access to Resources Affects Complementor Innovation in Platform Ecosystems.- Chapter 7. The Economic and Social Consequences of Digital Platforms: A Systematic and Interdisciplinary Literature Review.- Part 5. Emerging Technologies: Affordances and Opportunities.- Chapter 8. The Affordances of Blockchain Platforms: Why Service Providers Use Blockchains.- Chapter 9. Process Mining for Carbon Accounting: An Analysis of Requirements and Potentials.- Part 6. Recommendation Networks and Industry Structure: Sales and Market Analysis.- Chapter 10. The Impact of Product Recommendation Networks on Sales: The Moderating Influence of Product Age.- Chapter 11. Airline Market Concentration in Europe.