Henry (Chip) Carey is Associate Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University, USA. He has published numerous essays and authored or edited a dozen books on international law, peace-building, human rights and democratization. He is editor most recently of Peacebuilding Paradigms: The Impact of Theoretical Diversity on Implementing Sustainable Peace (2021) and Understanding Contemporary Latin America (2022); and co-editor of Justice and World Order: Reassessing Richard Falk's Scholarship and Advocacy (2022). He is also editor of the Journal of International Organization Studies and United Nations Law Reports, and chair through 2024 of the International Law section of the ISA.Stacey M. Mitchell is Associate Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University’s Perimeter College, USA. She specializes in the areas of genocide, human rights, international law, and transitional justice. She has co-authored two books with Henry Carey: Understanding International Law through Moot Courts (2014) and The Trials and Tribulations of International Law (2013). Her most recent book, Institutional Legacies: Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi (2018), addresses the causal impact the interrelationship between institutional legacies and the process of democratization had on inducing genocide in Rwanda in 1994 and lesser violence in Burundi in 1993.

• Chapter 1. Introduction: Re-conceptualizing Legalization: the Positive and Negative Uses and Effects of International Law.- Chapter 2. Negative Legalization of Lawyers in National Security Lawfare .- Chapter 3. Legalization of Reform of Torture Laws and Practices: Compliant, Exceptionalist and Hybrid Types.- Chapter 4. Limits to the Legalization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Ambiguous Obligation and Imprecision with Varying Implementation.- Chapter 5. Positive and Negative Legalization of Women’s Rights: The Limits on Implementation by the Committee for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.- Chapter 6. Legalization of Human Rights in Africa.- Chapter 7. European Regional Effects on Legalization: EU Accession and Responses to Russian Aggression.- Chapter 8. Conclusion.

Henry (Chip) Carey is Associate Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University, USA. He has published numerous essays and authored or edited a dozen books on international law, peace-building, human rights and democratization. He is editor most recently of Peacebuilding Paradigms: The Impact of Theoretical Diversity on Implementing Sustainable Peace (2021) and Understanding Contemporary Latin America (2022); and co-editor of Justice and World Order: Reassessing Richard Falk's Scholarship and Advocacy (2022). He is also editor of the Journal of International Organization Studies and United Nations Law Reports, and chair through 2024 of the International Law section of the ISA.Stacey M. Mitchell is Associate Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University’s Perimeter College, USA. She specializes in the areas of genocide, human rights, international law, and transitional justice. She has co-authored two books with Henry Carey: Understanding International Law through Moot Courts (2014) and The Trials and Tribulations of International Law (2013). Her most recent book, Institutional Legacies: Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi (2018), addresses the causal impact the interrelationship between institutional legacies and the process of democratization had on inducing genocide in Rwanda in 1994 and lesser violence in Burundi in 1993.

• Chapter 1. Introduction: Re-conceptualizing Legalization: the Positive and Negative Uses and Effects of International Law.- Chapter 2. Negative Legalization of Lawyers in National Security Lawfare .- Chapter 3. Legalization of Reform of Torture Laws and Practices: Compliant, Exceptionalist and Hybrid Types.- Chapter 4. Limits to the Legalization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Ambiguous Obligation and Imprecision with Varying Implementation.- Chapter 5. Positive and Negative Legalization of Women’s Rights: The Limits on Implementation by the Committee for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.- Chapter 6. Legalization of Human Rights in Africa.- Chapter 7. European Regional Effects on Legalization: EU Accession and Responses to Russian Aggression.- Chapter 8. Conclusion.

Henry (Chip) Carey is Associate Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University, USA. He has published numerous essays and authored or edited a dozen books on international law, peace-building, human rights and democratization. He is editor most recently of Peacebuilding Paradigms: The Impact of Theoretical Diversity on Implementing Sustainable Peace (2021) and Understanding Contemporary Latin America (2022); and co-editor of Justice and World Order: Reassessing Richard Falk's Scholarship and Advocacy (2022). He is also editor of the Journal of International Organization Studies and United Nations Law Reports, and chair through 2024 of the International Law section of the ISA.Stacey M. Mitchell is Associate Professor of Political Science at Georgia State University’s Perimeter College, USA. She specializes in the areas of genocide, human rights, international law, and transitional justice. She has co-authored two books with Henry Carey: Understanding International Law through Moot Courts (2014) and The Trials and Tribulations of International Law (2013). Her most recent book, Institutional Legacies: Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi (2018), addresses the causal impact the interrelationship between institutional legacies and the process of democratization had on inducing genocide in Rwanda in 1994 and lesser violence in Burundi in 1993.

• Chapter 1. Introduction: Re-conceptualizing Legalization: the Positive and Negative Uses and Effects of International Law.- Chapter 2. Negative Legalization of Lawyers in National Security Lawfare .- Chapter 3. Legalization of Reform of Torture Laws and Practices: Compliant, Exceptionalist and Hybrid Types.- Chapter 4. Limits to the Legalization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Ambiguous Obligation and Imprecision with Varying Implementation.- Chapter 5. Positive and Negative Legalization of Women’s Rights: The Limits on Implementation by the Committee for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.- Chapter 6. Legalization of Human Rights in Africa.- Chapter 7. European Regional Effects on Legalization: EU Accession and Responses to Russian Aggression.- Chapter 8. Conclusion.