Uncertainty in Climate Change Research

Linda Mearns was a prominent climate scientist specializing in climate variability, climate change impacts, and the use of regional climate models. She held a Ph.D. in Geography and had decades of expertise in climate science and policy. She was a Senior Scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and former Director of the Weather and Climate Impacts Assessment Science Program. She contributed significantly to several Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports and led multiple interdisciplinary research projects such as the North American Regional Climate Change Program (NARCCAP). Her work focused on improving the understanding of climate risks and informing adaptation strategies. In 2016, she received the American Association of Geographers (AAG) Distinguished Scholarship Award.Chris E. Forest is Professor of Climate Dynamics in the Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science at The Pennsylvania State University, specializing in the evaluation of climate models to assess long-term climate projections, impacts, and uncertainties. He is the Director of the Penn State Center for Earth System Modeling, Analysis, and Data. His research focuses on basic understanding of climate dynamics, quantifying uncertainty in climate predictions, and understanding how to use climate information for assessing climate risks. He has contributed to multiple high-profile climate research initiatives and interdisciplinary projects aimed at enhancing climate resilience. He holds a Ph.D. in Meteorology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Hayley J. Fowler is Professor of Climate Change Impacts and directs the Centre of Climate and Environmental Resilience at Newcastle University. She advises United Kingdom Government on climate resilience, serving on the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero Science Expert Group. Her research interests lie in improving the physical understanding of changing weather extremes and delivering high-resolution projections for climate adaptation. She won the EGU’s Sergey Soloviev Medal in 2024 and is an AGU Fellow. She is past-President of the British Hydrological Society. She is passionate about transdisciplinary working and regularly delivers lectures to engage the public on the climate crisis.Robert Lempert is a principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and Director of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for Longer Range Global Policy and the Future Human Condition.  His research focuses on climate risk management and decision-making under conditions of deep uncertainty. Dr. Lempert was a coordinating lead author for Working Group II of the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report and the inaugural president of the Society for Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty. A Professor of Policy Analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Dr. Lempert is an author of the book Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Longer-Term Policy Analysis.Robert L. Wilby is a hydro-climatologist and Professor of Hydroclimatic Modelling in the Department of Geography and Environment at Loughborough University, UK. His research focuses on the forecasting and management of climate risks to freshwater systems and urban environments. He co-developed the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM) – a public domain climate scenario tool that has been used in numerous risk assessments, including for water resources, fluvial flooding and storm surge, air quality and urban heat stress. He was involved in the first three UK Climate Change Risk Assessments. He works extensively with Multilateral Development Banks and national agencies seeking to improve the resilience of built environments, water and energy infrastructure to climate change.

• Chapter 1: Integrated Uncertainty: An Introduction.- Chapter 2: Laying The Policy Groundwork For Considering Integrated Uncertainty.- Chapter 3: Climate Informed Decision Analysis Via Decision Scaling.- Chapter 4: Supporting Climate-Related Decisions Under Uncertainty.- Chapter 5: The Policy Portfolio Problem.- Chapter 6: Climate Change Adaptation In Practice: Navigating Uncertainty In The Real World.- Chapter 7: Uncertainty of Climate Change Impacts On Crop Production.- Chapter 8: Uncertainty In Ecological Models.- Chapter 9: Uncertainty In Hydrologic And Water Resources Modelling.- Chapter 10: Dimensions of Uncertainty In Mitigating Flooding.- Chapter 11: Uncertainty In Transportation Infrastructure.- Chapter 12: Science In Coastal Adaptation Decision-Making: Working Effectively With Persistent Uncertainties.- Chapter 13: Uncertainty In Determining Impacts of Climate Change On Human Health.- Chapter 14: Uncertainty And Socioeconomic Vulnerability To Climate Change.- Chapter 15: Climate/Earth System Projections And Their Uncertainties: An Overview.- Chapter 16: Emissions And Concentration Scenarios.- Chapter 17: The Importance of Internal Variability For The Uncertainty In Climate Change Projections And Decision Making.- Chapter 18: Downscaling Future Climate Projections: Compounding Uncertainty But Adding Value?.- Chapter 19: Characterizing The Uncertainty Surrounding Sea-Level Projections To Inform Decisions.- Chapter 20: Uncertainty Quantification: A Statistical Perspective.- Chapter 21: Uncertainty And Extremes.- Chapter 22: How Uncertainty Interacts With Ethical Values In Climate Change Research.- Chapter 23: Expert Judgment And Communication of Uncertainty.-Chapter 24: Uncertainty In The Economic Appraisal of Adaptation.-  Chapter 25: Uncertainty Management In A Decision Context: What We Learned From The Decision Center For A Desert City.- Chapter 26: Acting With Uncertainty: Reflecting On A Decade of Rapid Progress In Climate Policy, Research And Practice.