Heisenberg's 1925 "Umdeutung" Paper

Marco Giliberti is an Associate Professor in History of Physics and Physics Education at the University of Milan where he teaches Relativity and Didactics of Physics through the laboratory. He conducts research in Quantum Physics and Quantum Field Theory Education, the teaching of Electromagnetism, and Physics Education through Science-Theatre. He is also involved in teacher training. He is the author of more than 90 publications in national and international journals; he is co-founder of the group “The Physics Show”, is co-author and actor of eight scientific shows, and a lesson-show about Quantum Physics, which, overall, have had more than 400 replicas in Italy and Europe. He is the author of three books: “Physics at theatre” (Aracne, 2014) and “Higgs and the physics of elementary particles” (RCS Mediagroup, 2016), “Old Quantum Theory and Early Quantum Mechanics. A Historical Perspective Commented for the Inquiring Reader” (Springer, 2024). In 2024 he received the Italian Physical Society Award for the History of Physics.Luisa Lovisetti is a postdoctoral researcher in History of Physics and Physics Education at the University of Milan. She holds two master’s degrees, one in Mathematics and the other in Physics, both with theses focusing on historical issues. She obtained her Ph.D. in Physics, with research centered on Quantum Physics Education, with particular emphasis on its historical and cultural aspects. She is the author of the book “Old Quantum Theory and Early Quantum Mechanics. A Historical Perspective Commented for the Inquiring Reader” (Springer, 2024). In 2024 she received the Italian Physical Society Award for the History of Physics.

• Historical and physical context.- Introduction to the commented translation.- Heisenberg’s paper.- Further comments and observations.- The dawn of a new era.