Michał Oleksowicz is a researcher at the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences (Institute of Philosophy, Department of Logic) at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. He has been 2022-2025 a board member of the Polish Association for Logic and Philosophy of Science. From 2022–2024, he was the principal investigator of the research project New Mechanicism and theology (2021/41/N/HS1/01338), funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. Currently, he is the principal investigator (2024–2027) of the project Philosophical-logical foundations of mechanistic causation (2024/52/C/HS1/00179), funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. His main research interests are: history and philosophy of science, philosophical aspects of causation and causal explanations, especially mechanistic explanation and its application to various explanatory contexts.K. Brad Wray works at the Centre for Science Studies at Aarhus University, in Denmark. He has published three books: Kuhn’s Intellectual Path (CUP 2021), Resisting Scientific Realism (CUP 2018), and Kuhn’s Evolutionary Social Epistemology (CUP 2011).  He has also edited Interpreting Kuhn: Critical Essays (CUP 2021), and is one of the two editors for the Springer/Nature journal Metascience.  His research is on the social epistemology of science, the realism/anti-realism debate, the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, and scientific publication practices. He has held visiting fellowships at Cornell University (Fall 2008), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Fall 2015), and University of Cambridge (Fall 2020).Tomasz Jarmużek is a member of editorial board of Studia Logica An International Journal for Symbolic Logic. His research is on non-classical logics, proof theory and application of logic to philosophical problems. He publishes over 30 papers and 5 books. His main topics are relating semantics, relating logic and metatheory of tableau proofs. He has been 2022-2025 the president of the Polish Association for Logic and Philosophy of Science.

• 1 Introduction: Rethinking Hypotheses (Michał Oleksowicz, K. Brad Wray, and Tomasz Jarmużek).- 2 Osiander and Hypotheses: Revisiting Instrumentalism (K. Brad Wray).- 3 The Copernican Hypothesis in Debate: An Experimentum Crucis (Isadora Cristina de Sousa Monteiro).- 4 Kant on Forming Causal Hypotheses Without Fantasising (Lucia Oliveri and Davide Dalla Rosa).- 5 The Role of Hypothesis in Einstein’s Development of the Theory of Special Relativity: A Cassirerian View (Benedetta Spigola).- 6 Hypotheses in Logic, the Adoption Problem, and the Search for a Logic of Discovery (Fabio Sterpetti).- 7 Dynamic Composition and Hypothetical Reasoning (Ken Aizawa).- 8 Causal Hypotheses and Conditionalisation (Adam Grobler).- 9 The Epistemology of Computer Simulations in Biology (Andrzej Bielecki, Paweł Polak and Marzena Bielecka).- 10 Epistemological Status of Rationality Principles in the Social Sciences: A Structural Invariance Criterion (Jeremy Attard).- 11 From Hypotheses to Systematicity and Back (Przemysław Robert Nowakowski).- Index.

Michał Oleksowicz is a researcher at the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences (Institute of Philosophy, Department of Logic) at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. He has been 2022-2025 a board member of the Polish Association for Logic and Philosophy of Science. From 2022–2024, he was the principal investigator of the research project New Mechanicism and theology (2021/41/N/HS1/01338), funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. Currently, he is the principal investigator (2024–2027) of the project Philosophical-logical foundations of mechanistic causation (2024/52/C/HS1/00179), funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. His main research interests are: history and philosophy of science, philosophical aspects of causation and causal explanations, especially mechanistic explanation and its application to various explanatory contexts.K. Brad Wray works at the Centre for Science Studies at Aarhus University, in Denmark. He has published three books: Kuhn’s Intellectual Path (CUP 2021), Resisting Scientific Realism (CUP 2018), and Kuhn’s Evolutionary Social Epistemology (CUP 2011).  He has also edited Interpreting Kuhn: Critical Essays (CUP 2021), and is one of the two editors for the Springer/Nature journal Metascience.  His research is on the social epistemology of science, the realism/anti-realism debate, the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, and scientific publication practices. He has held visiting fellowships at Cornell University (Fall 2008), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Fall 2015), and University of Cambridge (Fall 2020).Tomasz Jarmużek is a member of editorial board of Studia Logica An International Journal for Symbolic Logic. His research is on non-classical logics, proof theory and application of logic to philosophical problems. He publishes over 30 papers and 5 books. His main topics are relating semantics, relating logic and metatheory of tableau proofs. He has been 2022-2025 the president of the Polish Association for Logic and Philosophy of Science.

• 1 Introduction: Rethinking Hypotheses (Michał Oleksowicz, K. Brad Wray, and Tomasz Jarmużek).- 2 Osiander and Hypotheses: Revisiting Instrumentalism (K. Brad Wray).- 3 The Copernican Hypothesis in Debate: An Experimentum Crucis (Isadora Cristina de Sousa Monteiro).- 4 Kant on Forming Causal Hypotheses Without Fantasising (Lucia Oliveri and Davide Dalla Rosa).- 5 The Role of Hypothesis in Einstein’s Development of the Theory of Special Relativity: A Cassirerian View (Benedetta Spigola).- 6 Hypotheses in Logic, the Adoption Problem, and the Search for a Logic of Discovery (Fabio Sterpetti).- 7 Dynamic Composition and Hypothetical Reasoning (Ken Aizawa).- 8 Causal Hypotheses and Conditionalisation (Adam Grobler).- 9 The Epistemology of Computer Simulations in Biology (Andrzej Bielecki, Paweł Polak and Marzena Bielecka).- 10 Epistemological Status of Rationality Principles in the Social Sciences: A Structural Invariance Criterion (Jeremy Attard).- 11 From Hypotheses to Systematicity and Back (Przemysław Robert Nowakowski).- Index.

Michał Oleksowicz is a researcher at the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences (Institute of Philosophy, Department of Logic) at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. He has been 2022-2025 a board member of the Polish Association for Logic and Philosophy of Science. From 2022–2024, he was the principal investigator of the research project New Mechanicism and theology (2021/41/N/HS1/01338), funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. Currently, he is the principal investigator (2024–2027) of the project Philosophical-logical foundations of mechanistic causation (2024/52/C/HS1/00179), funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. His main research interests are: history and philosophy of science, philosophical aspects of causation and causal explanations, especially mechanistic explanation and its application to various explanatory contexts.K. Brad Wray works at the Centre for Science Studies at Aarhus University, in Denmark. He has published three books: Kuhn’s Intellectual Path (CUP 2021), Resisting Scientific Realism (CUP 2018), and Kuhn’s Evolutionary Social Epistemology (CUP 2011).  He has also edited Interpreting Kuhn: Critical Essays (CUP 2021), and is one of the two editors for the Springer/Nature journal Metascience.  His research is on the social epistemology of science, the realism/anti-realism debate, the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, and scientific publication practices. He has held visiting fellowships at Cornell University (Fall 2008), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Fall 2015), and University of Cambridge (Fall 2020).Tomasz Jarmużek is a member of editorial board of Studia Logica An International Journal for Symbolic Logic. His research is on non-classical logics, proof theory and application of logic to philosophical problems. He publishes over 30 papers and 5 books. His main topics are relating semantics, relating logic and metatheory of tableau proofs. He has been 2022-2025 the president of the Polish Association for Logic and Philosophy of Science.

• 1 Introduction: Rethinking Hypotheses (Michał Oleksowicz, K. Brad Wray, and Tomasz Jarmużek).- 2 Osiander and Hypotheses: Revisiting Instrumentalism (K. Brad Wray).- 3 The Copernican Hypothesis in Debate: An Experimentum Crucis (Isadora Cristina de Sousa Monteiro).- 4 Kant on Forming Causal Hypotheses Without Fantasising (Lucia Oliveri and Davide Dalla Rosa).- 5 The Role of Hypothesis in Einstein’s Development of the Theory of Special Relativity: A Cassirerian View (Benedetta Spigola).- 6 Hypotheses in Logic, the Adoption Problem, and the Search for a Logic of Discovery (Fabio Sterpetti).- 7 Dynamic Composition and Hypothetical Reasoning (Ken Aizawa).- 8 Causal Hypotheses and Conditionalisation (Adam Grobler).- 9 The Epistemology of Computer Simulations in Biology (Andrzej Bielecki, Paweł Polak and Marzena Bielecka).- 10 Epistemological Status of Rationality Principles in the Social Sciences: A Structural Invariance Criterion (Jeremy Attard).- 11 From Hypotheses to Systematicity and Back (Przemysław Robert Nowakowski).- Index.