This volume explores the multiple roles of micronutrients and vitamins in human health and disease, focusing on how micronutrients influence biochemical processes and cellular function. It takes a multidisciplinary approach and highlights the complex roles of micronutrients, providing a compilation of information ranging from fundamental knowledge to recommendations for their use as supplements in clinical practice, as well as broadening our understanding of the importance of micronutrients. Divided into three thematic parts, the book brings together cutting-edge research and expert opinions from around the world.The first part focuses on the biochemical and physiological effects of micronutrients in various health contexts, such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and sports nutrition. The chapters examine the modulation of cellular pathways, oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis, highlighting both the therapeutic potential and the risks of micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities. The second part examines the pathophysiological functions of key vitamins (D, E, A, and K2), emphasising their role in immunity, metabolism, neurodegeneration, bone health, and endocrine disruption. Special attention is given to vitamin deficiencies in athletes and the synergistic effects of gut microbiota and antioxidant vitamins. The final section explores plant- and marine-based micronutrients, highlighting their economic and ecological benefits in the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Topics covered include polyphenols, cranberries and marine bioactives, with a focus on blue biotechnology and sustainable nutrition.This book is an essential resource for physicians, researchers, nutritionists, and students, offering a deep understanding of how micronutrients and vitamins influence molecular mechanisms, cellular function, and disease prevention. It bridges the gap between basic science and clinical relevance, providing new insights into the changing role of nutrition in global health.
