Dr. Dipayan Das, Ph.D., is serving as Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Assistant Dean (Academics), Royal School of Biosciences at The Assam Royal Global University. Dr. Das carries 5 years of teaching experience at UG and PG level and 8 years of research experience. Previously Dr. Das served as Faculty in Centre for Innovative Studies (CIS), University of North Bengal. He has completed his doctoral research under the supervision of Dr. Palash Mandal from Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. He works in the field of application of nanoparticle towards crop improvement. He carries research interest in the field of nanobiology, microbiology, plant physiology and biochemistry, and plant taxonomy. Dr. Das is the life member of Indian Botanical Society, and Microbiologist Society of India. He has published 35 high impact research papers in International Journals and 5 numbers of academic books. He is the recipient of CSIR-UGC-NET Fellowship. He was awarded with InSc Young Scientist Award and InSc Research Excellence Award. He holds University of North Bengal first class first position in Masters of Science in Botany for the year 2014 (Gold Medalist) and first class second position in Bachelors of Science in Botany for the year 2012 (Silver Medalist). He has qualified CSIR-UGC NET Examination five times and West Bengal SET and GATE examination one time each. He was also selected for DST-Inspire Doctoral Fellowship. He bears experience in teaching aspirants of CSIR-UGC-NET Examination for five years and many of his students are performing doctoral researcher in Institutes and Universities across India, or serving as faculty in Universities and Colleges.Dr. Payel Paul, Ph.D., is currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at North Bengal St. Xavier’s College. She has five years of teaching experience at the undergraduate level and over ten years of research experience. Dr. Paul was previously associated with the Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, where she worked as a Senior Research Scholar. Her research expertise lies in plant systematics, palynology, and molecular systematics. She has a strong research profile, with publications in reputed national and international journals, and has authored 25 research articles and 5 books. Dr. Paul secured First Class Second Position (Silver Medallist) in the Master of Science in Botany from the University of North Bengal in 2014. She was awarded the Post-Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship during 2012–2014 and received the UGC-BSR Fellowship as Junior Research Fellow (JRF) and Senior Research Fellow (SRF) from 2015 to 2020. In addition, she has experience in conducting botany practical classes and examinations for IGNOU and has served as an Academic Counsellor in Life Sciences at IGNOU Learning Support Centre 45015 since 2021. Dr. Paul received the Young Scientist Award at the International Conference on Advances in Plant, Microbes and Agricultural Sciences held at the Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. She was also honoured with the Research Excellence Award in 2025 by the North Bengal St. Xavier’s College.Dr. Monoranjan Chowdhury, Ph.D., is currently working as Professor in the Department of Botany at the University of North Bengal. He has over 20 years of teaching experience at the graduate and postgraduate levels and around 24 years of research experience. Dr. Chowdhury specializes in Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics, Palynology, Molecular Taxonomy, Forest Ecology, Floristics, Biodiversity Conservation, Medicinal Plants, and Wetland Ecosystems of the Eastern Himalaya and adjoining regions. He has published 106 original research articles in national and international journals of repute and has authored 3 books. He serves as a reviewer for several reputed scientific journals. Dr. Chowdhury is a Fellow of the Indian Association of Plant Taxonomy (IAAT) and the East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy (EHSST). He is also actively involved in various academic and administrative responsibilities within the university. Dr. Chowdhury holds lifetime membership in several professional bodies, including the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), IAAT, EHSST, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India (MAPAI), and the Association for Plant Taxonomy (APT). He has successfully supervised six Ph.D. scholars and is currently guiding eight Ph.D. research scholars. Additionally, he has completed seven nationally funded research projects supported by UGC, DST, and NHPC. His ongoing research includes systematic studies of disputed plant families such as Polygonaceae, Linderniaceae, Arecaceae, Fagaceae, Oleaceae, and Urticaceae; ethnobotanical studies of Himalayan tribes; forest ecosystems; epiphytes; and the pharmacognostic characterization, evaluation, and conservation of medicinal plants. His research team has described several new taxa, including Nymphaea abhayana, Bonnaya gracilis, Torenia siliguriensis, Torenia hookeri, Calamus pseudoerectus, Daemonorops terainensis, and Calamus mahanandensis. Dr. Chowdhury has established the NBU Herbarium and maintains the Centre for Utilisation and Conservation of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants at the University of North Bengal, where more than 600 live plant species, including rare and endangered taxa, are conserved.

• .- Part I-Himalaya and its diversity..- 1.The Himalaya and its position in global plant biodiversity..- 2.The Himalayas: One of the World's biodiversity hotspots..- 3.Floristic diversity and vegetation pattern of the Central Himalayas..- 4.Orchid Diversity of Indian Himalayan Region..- 5.Diversity of threatened medicinal plants in the Himalayan region: Livelihood, marketing and conservation practices..- 6.Wetland Flora of The Himalayan Hotspot..- 7.Diversity and Impact of Alien Plants in the Himalayan Hotspot and Their Management..- 8.The Knotweed Conservation Challenge: Protecting Polygonaceae in the Himalayan Range..- 9.Status of Endemic Flora of The Himalayan Hotspot..- Part II-Threat to Himalayan Hotspot..- 10.Himalayan Ecotourism and Phytodiversity: Perspective and Prospects..- 11.Threat Status to the Himalayan Ecosystem and Its Trending Preventive Strategies..- 12.Impact of Climate Change and Vulnerability in the Himalayan Hotspot..- 13.Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Himalayan Biodiversity..- 14.Eastern Himalayan Ecosystem under human influence and Climate crisis..- 15.Current knowledge and future perspectives towards spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in a biodiversity hotspot: A case study from the Western Himalayas..- Part III-Conservation and management of Himalayan Hotspot..- 16.Richness, Traditional Use and Management of Non-Timber Plant Products in the Himalayan Communities..- 17.Trends, gaps, and policy implications towards conservation of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot..- 18.Protected areas of the Himalayan Hotspot: A strategy towards biodiversity conservation..- 19.Diversity and Conservation Strategies of Rhododendron in Sikkim Himalayas..- 20.Himalayan Plant Biodiversity: A Concluding Overview.

Dr. Dipayan Das, Ph.D., is serving as Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Assistant Dean (Academics), Royal School of Biosciences at The Assam Royal Global University. Dr. Das carries 5 years of teaching experience at UG and PG level and 8 years of research experience. Previously Dr. Das served as Faculty in Centre for Innovative Studies (CIS), University of North Bengal. He has completed his doctoral research under the supervision of Dr. Palash Mandal from Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. He works in the field of application of nanoparticle towards crop improvement. He carries research interest in the field of nanobiology, microbiology, plant physiology and biochemistry, and plant taxonomy. Dr. Das is the life member of Indian Botanical Society, and Microbiologist Society of India. He has published 35 high impact research papers in International Journals and 5 numbers of academic books. He is the recipient of CSIR-UGC-NET Fellowship. He was awarded with InSc Young Scientist Award and InSc Research Excellence Award. He holds University of North Bengal first class first position in Masters of Science in Botany for the year 2014 (Gold Medalist) and first class second position in Bachelors of Science in Botany for the year 2012 (Silver Medalist). He has qualified CSIR-UGC NET Examination five times and West Bengal SET and GATE examination one time each. He was also selected for DST-Inspire Doctoral Fellowship. He bears experience in teaching aspirants of CSIR-UGC-NET Examination for five years and many of his students are performing doctoral researcher in Institutes and Universities across India, or serving as faculty in Universities and Colleges.Dr. Payel Paul, Ph.D., is currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at North Bengal St. Xavier’s College. She has five years of teaching experience at the undergraduate level and over ten years of research experience. Dr. Paul was previously associated with the Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, where she worked as a Senior Research Scholar. Her research expertise lies in plant systematics, palynology, and molecular systematics. She has a strong research profile, with publications in reputed national and international journals, and has authored 25 research articles and 5 books. Dr. Paul secured First Class Second Position (Silver Medallist) in the Master of Science in Botany from the University of North Bengal in 2014. She was awarded the Post-Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship during 2012–2014 and received the UGC-BSR Fellowship as Junior Research Fellow (JRF) and Senior Research Fellow (SRF) from 2015 to 2020. In addition, she has experience in conducting botany practical classes and examinations for IGNOU and has served as an Academic Counsellor in Life Sciences at IGNOU Learning Support Centre 45015 since 2021. Dr. Paul received the Young Scientist Award at the International Conference on Advances in Plant, Microbes and Agricultural Sciences held at the Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. She was also honoured with the Research Excellence Award in 2025 by the North Bengal St. Xavier’s College.Dr. Monoranjan Chowdhury, Ph.D., is currently working as Professor in the Department of Botany at the University of North Bengal. He has over 20 years of teaching experience at the graduate and postgraduate levels and around 24 years of research experience. Dr. Chowdhury specializes in Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics, Palynology, Molecular Taxonomy, Forest Ecology, Floristics, Biodiversity Conservation, Medicinal Plants, and Wetland Ecosystems of the Eastern Himalaya and adjoining regions. He has published 106 original research articles in national and international journals of repute and has authored 3 books. He serves as a reviewer for several reputed scientific journals. Dr. Chowdhury is a Fellow of the Indian Association of Plant Taxonomy (IAAT) and the East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy (EHSST). He is also actively involved in various academic and administrative responsibilities within the university. Dr. Chowdhury holds lifetime membership in several professional bodies, including the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), IAAT, EHSST, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India (MAPAI), and the Association for Plant Taxonomy (APT). He has successfully supervised six Ph.D. scholars and is currently guiding eight Ph.D. research scholars. Additionally, he has completed seven nationally funded research projects supported by UGC, DST, and NHPC. His ongoing research includes systematic studies of disputed plant families such as Polygonaceae, Linderniaceae, Arecaceae, Fagaceae, Oleaceae, and Urticaceae; ethnobotanical studies of Himalayan tribes; forest ecosystems; epiphytes; and the pharmacognostic characterization, evaluation, and conservation of medicinal plants. His research team has described several new taxa, including Nymphaea abhayana, Bonnaya gracilis, Torenia siliguriensis, Torenia hookeri, Calamus pseudoerectus, Daemonorops terainensis, and Calamus mahanandensis. Dr. Chowdhury has established the NBU Herbarium and maintains the Centre for Utilisation and Conservation of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants at the University of North Bengal, where more than 600 live plant species, including rare and endangered taxa, are conserved.

• .- Part I-Himalaya and its diversity..- 1.The Himalaya and its position in global plant biodiversity..- 2.The Himalayas: One of the World's biodiversity hotspots..- 3.Floristic diversity and vegetation pattern of the Central Himalayas..- 4.Orchid Diversity of Indian Himalayan Region..- 5.Diversity of threatened medicinal plants in the Himalayan region: Livelihood, marketing and conservation practices..- 6.Wetland Flora of The Himalayan Hotspot..- 7.Diversity and Impact of Alien Plants in the Himalayan Hotspot and Their Management..- 8.The Knotweed Conservation Challenge: Protecting Polygonaceae in the Himalayan Range..- 9.Status of Endemic Flora of The Himalayan Hotspot..- Part II-Threat to Himalayan Hotspot..- 10.Himalayan Ecotourism and Phytodiversity: Perspective and Prospects..- 11.Threat Status to the Himalayan Ecosystem and Its Trending Preventive Strategies..- 12.Impact of Climate Change and Vulnerability in the Himalayan Hotspot..- 13.Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Himalayan Biodiversity..- 14.Eastern Himalayan Ecosystem under human influence and Climate crisis..- 15.Current knowledge and future perspectives towards spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in a biodiversity hotspot: A case study from the Western Himalayas..- Part III-Conservation and management of Himalayan Hotspot..- 16.Richness, Traditional Use and Management of Non-Timber Plant Products in the Himalayan Communities..- 17.Trends, gaps, and policy implications towards conservation of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot..- 18.Protected areas of the Himalayan Hotspot: A strategy towards biodiversity conservation..- 19.Diversity and Conservation Strategies of Rhododendron in Sikkim Himalayas..- 20.Himalayan Plant Biodiversity: A Concluding Overview.

Dr. Dipayan Das, Ph.D., is serving as Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Assistant Dean (Academics), Royal School of Biosciences at The Assam Royal Global University. Dr. Das carries 5 years of teaching experience at UG and PG level and 8 years of research experience. Previously Dr. Das served as Faculty in Centre for Innovative Studies (CIS), University of North Bengal. He has completed his doctoral research under the supervision of Dr. Palash Mandal from Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. He works in the field of application of nanoparticle towards crop improvement. He carries research interest in the field of nanobiology, microbiology, plant physiology and biochemistry, and plant taxonomy. Dr. Das is the life member of Indian Botanical Society, and Microbiologist Society of India. He has published 35 high impact research papers in International Journals and 5 numbers of academic books. He is the recipient of CSIR-UGC-NET Fellowship. He was awarded with InSc Young Scientist Award and InSc Research Excellence Award. He holds University of North Bengal first class first position in Masters of Science in Botany for the year 2014 (Gold Medalist) and first class second position in Bachelors of Science in Botany for the year 2012 (Silver Medalist). He has qualified CSIR-UGC NET Examination five times and West Bengal SET and GATE examination one time each. He was also selected for DST-Inspire Doctoral Fellowship. He bears experience in teaching aspirants of CSIR-UGC-NET Examination for five years and many of his students are performing doctoral researcher in Institutes and Universities across India, or serving as faculty in Universities and Colleges.Dr. Payel Paul, Ph.D., is currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at North Bengal St. Xavier’s College. She has five years of teaching experience at the undergraduate level and over ten years of research experience. Dr. Paul was previously associated with the Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, where she worked as a Senior Research Scholar. Her research expertise lies in plant systematics, palynology, and molecular systematics. She has a strong research profile, with publications in reputed national and international journals, and has authored 25 research articles and 5 books. Dr. Paul secured First Class Second Position (Silver Medallist) in the Master of Science in Botany from the University of North Bengal in 2014. She was awarded the Post-Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship during 2012–2014 and received the UGC-BSR Fellowship as Junior Research Fellow (JRF) and Senior Research Fellow (SRF) from 2015 to 2020. In addition, she has experience in conducting botany practical classes and examinations for IGNOU and has served as an Academic Counsellor in Life Sciences at IGNOU Learning Support Centre 45015 since 2021. Dr. Paul received the Young Scientist Award at the International Conference on Advances in Plant, Microbes and Agricultural Sciences held at the Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. She was also honoured with the Research Excellence Award in 2025 by the North Bengal St. Xavier’s College.Dr. Monoranjan Chowdhury, Ph.D., is currently working as Professor in the Department of Botany at the University of North Bengal. He has over 20 years of teaching experience at the graduate and postgraduate levels and around 24 years of research experience. Dr. Chowdhury specializes in Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics, Palynology, Molecular Taxonomy, Forest Ecology, Floristics, Biodiversity Conservation, Medicinal Plants, and Wetland Ecosystems of the Eastern Himalaya and adjoining regions. He has published 106 original research articles in national and international journals of repute and has authored 3 books. He serves as a reviewer for several reputed scientific journals. Dr. Chowdhury is a Fellow of the Indian Association of Plant Taxonomy (IAAT) and the East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy (EHSST). He is also actively involved in various academic and administrative responsibilities within the university. Dr. Chowdhury holds lifetime membership in several professional bodies, including the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), IAAT, EHSST, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India (MAPAI), and the Association for Plant Taxonomy (APT). He has successfully supervised six Ph.D. scholars and is currently guiding eight Ph.D. research scholars. Additionally, he has completed seven nationally funded research projects supported by UGC, DST, and NHPC. His ongoing research includes systematic studies of disputed plant families such as Polygonaceae, Linderniaceae, Arecaceae, Fagaceae, Oleaceae, and Urticaceae; ethnobotanical studies of Himalayan tribes; forest ecosystems; epiphytes; and the pharmacognostic characterization, evaluation, and conservation of medicinal plants. His research team has described several new taxa, including Nymphaea abhayana, Bonnaya gracilis, Torenia siliguriensis, Torenia hookeri, Calamus pseudoerectus, Daemonorops terainensis, and Calamus mahanandensis. Dr. Chowdhury has established the NBU Herbarium and maintains the Centre for Utilisation and Conservation of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants at the University of North Bengal, where more than 600 live plant species, including rare and endangered taxa, are conserved.

• .- Part I-Himalaya and its diversity..- 1.The Himalaya and its position in global plant biodiversity..- 2.The Himalayas: One of the World's biodiversity hotspots..- 3.Floristic diversity and vegetation pattern of the Central Himalayas..- 4.Orchid Diversity of Indian Himalayan Region..- 5.Diversity of threatened medicinal plants in the Himalayan region: Livelihood, marketing and conservation practices..- 6.Wetland Flora of The Himalayan Hotspot..- 7.Diversity and Impact of Alien Plants in the Himalayan Hotspot and Their Management..- 8.The Knotweed Conservation Challenge: Protecting Polygonaceae in the Himalayan Range..- 9.Status of Endemic Flora of The Himalayan Hotspot..- Part II-Threat to Himalayan Hotspot..- 10.Himalayan Ecotourism and Phytodiversity: Perspective and Prospects..- 11.Threat Status to the Himalayan Ecosystem and Its Trending Preventive Strategies..- 12.Impact of Climate Change and Vulnerability in the Himalayan Hotspot..- 13.Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Himalayan Biodiversity..- 14.Eastern Himalayan Ecosystem under human influence and Climate crisis..- 15.Current knowledge and future perspectives towards spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in a biodiversity hotspot: A case study from the Western Himalayas..- Part III-Conservation and management of Himalayan Hotspot..- 16.Richness, Traditional Use and Management of Non-Timber Plant Products in the Himalayan Communities..- 17.Trends, gaps, and policy implications towards conservation of the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot..- 18.Protected areas of the Himalayan Hotspot: A strategy towards biodiversity conservation..- 19.Diversity and Conservation Strategies of Rhododendron in Sikkim Himalayas..- 20.Himalayan Plant Biodiversity: A Concluding Overview.