Friedrich Lottspeich studied chemistry in Vienna and performed his dissertation at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich. He received his PhD in biochemistry from the University of Vienna. After habilitation in Munich and Innsbruck, Friedrich Lottspeich was head of the protein analytics group at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich until his retirement in 2013. His research focused on the development and application of methods for the analysis of proteins. Friedrich Lottspeich is author of more than 750 original publications and is a former President of EUPA and DGPF. He received several international prizes such as the ASAC Pregl Medal 2009, the DGMS Award Mass spectrometry in Life Sciences 2012, the AUPA Life Achievement Award 2014 and the EUPA Juan Pablo Albar Proteomics Award 2016. Joachim W. Engels studied chemistry in Berlin and Munich and received a Ph.D. in Regensburg. He carried out post-doctoral studies at Stanford, did his habilitation in Konstanz and was a visiting scientist at the University of Colorado before joining the company Hoechst in 1981, where he developed gene synthesis. He is a full Professor of Biological Chemistry at the Goethe-University of Frankfurt since 1985. His interests range from chemical biology to bioanalytics. Joachim Engels has served as president of the International Society of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (2005/6), held several guest professorships at Chiba Institute, Japan (1989), Hokkaido University, Japan (1998) Shandong University, China (2004), Cady-Ayyad University, Morocco (2010), University Witwatersrand, South Africa (2012). He has authored more than 300 original publications. On retirement, he was chosen Professor Emeritus and he is now President of the Goethe-Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Academy) in Frankfurt.

• Preface XVIntroduction XIXPart I Protein Analytics 11 Protein Purification 32 Protein determination 233 Enzyme Activity Testing 354 Microcalorimetry 475 Immunological Techniques 636 Chemical Modification of Proteins and Protein Complexes 1077 Spectroscopy 1318 Light Microscopy Techniques – Imaging 1819 Cleavage of Proteins 20710 Chromatographic Separation Methods 21911 Electrophoretic Techniques 24312 Capillary Electrophoresis 27513 Amino Acid Analysis 30114 Protein Sequence Analysis 31315 Mass Spectrometry 32916 Protein–Protein Interactions 38117 Biosensors 419Part II 3D Structure Determination 43118 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Biomolecules 43319 Electron Microscopy 48520 Atomic Force Microscopy 51921 X-Ray Structure Analysis 529Part III Peptides, Carbohydrates, and Lipids 55322 Analytics of Synthetic Peptides 55523 Carbohydrate Analysis 57124 Lipid Analysis 61325 Analysis of Post-translational Modifications: Phosphorylation and Acetylation of Proteins 645Part IV Nucleic Acid Analytics 66326 Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acids 66527 Analysis of Nucleic Acids 68128 Techniques for the Hybridization and Detection of Nucleic Acids 71929 Polymerase Chain Reaction 75530 DNA Sequencing 78531 Analysis of Epigenetic Modifications 81732 Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions 831Part V Functional and Systems Analytics 87333 Sequence Data Analysis 87534 Analysis of Promoter Strength and Nascent RNA Synthesis 89535 Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in Molecular Cytogenetics 91736 Physical and Genetic Mapping of Genomes 92537 DNA-Microarray Technology 94538 The Use of Oligonucleotides as Tools in Cell Biology 95939 Proteome Analysis 97740 Metabolomics and Peptidomics 102341 Interactomics – Systematic Protein–Protein Interactions 103342 Chemical Biology 104143 Toponome Analysis 1057Appendix 1: Amino Acids and Posttranslational Modifications 1073Appendix 2: Symbols and Abbreviations 1075Appendix 3: Standard Amino Acids (three and one letter code) 1081Appendix 4: Nucleic Acid Bases 1083Index 1085

Friedrich Lottspeich studied chemistry in Vienna and performed his dissertation at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich. He received his PhD in biochemistry from the University of Vienna. After habilitation in Munich and Innsbruck, Friedrich Lottspeich was head of the protein analytics group at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich until his retirement in 2013. His research focused on the development and application of methods for the analysis of proteins. Friedrich Lottspeich is author of more than 750 original publications and is a former President of EUPA and DGPF. He received several international prizes such as the ASAC Pregl Medal 2009, the DGMS Award Mass spectrometry in Life Sciences 2012, the AUPA Life Achievement Award 2014 and the EUPA Juan Pablo Albar Proteomics Award 2016. Joachim W. Engels studied chemistry in Berlin and Munich and received a Ph.D. in Regensburg. He carried out post-doctoral studies at Stanford, did his habilitation in Konstanz and was a visiting scientist at the University of Colorado before joining the company Hoechst in 1981, where he developed gene synthesis. He is a full Professor of Biological Chemistry at the Goethe-University of Frankfurt since 1985. His interests range from chemical biology to bioanalytics. Joachim Engels has served as president of the International Society of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (2005/6), held several guest professorships at Chiba Institute, Japan (1989), Hokkaido University, Japan (1998) Shandong University, China (2004), Cady-Ayyad University, Morocco (2010), University Witwatersrand, South Africa (2012). He has authored more than 300 original publications. On retirement, he was chosen Professor Emeritus and he is now President of the Goethe-Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Academy) in Frankfurt.

• Preface XVIntroduction XIXPart I Protein Analytics 11 Protein Purification 32 Protein determination 233 Enzyme Activity Testing 354 Microcalorimetry 475 Immunological Techniques 636 Chemical Modification of Proteins and Protein Complexes 1077 Spectroscopy 1318 Light Microscopy Techniques – Imaging 1819 Cleavage of Proteins 20710 Chromatographic Separation Methods 21911 Electrophoretic Techniques 24312 Capillary Electrophoresis 27513 Amino Acid Analysis 30114 Protein Sequence Analysis 31315 Mass Spectrometry 32916 Protein–Protein Interactions 38117 Biosensors 419Part II 3D Structure Determination 43118 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Biomolecules 43319 Electron Microscopy 48520 Atomic Force Microscopy 51921 X-Ray Structure Analysis 529Part III Peptides, Carbohydrates, and Lipids 55322 Analytics of Synthetic Peptides 55523 Carbohydrate Analysis 57124 Lipid Analysis 61325 Analysis of Post-translational Modifications: Phosphorylation and Acetylation of Proteins 645Part IV Nucleic Acid Analytics 66326 Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acids 66527 Analysis of Nucleic Acids 68128 Techniques for the Hybridization and Detection of Nucleic Acids 71929 Polymerase Chain Reaction 75530 DNA Sequencing 78531 Analysis of Epigenetic Modifications 81732 Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions 831Part V Functional and Systems Analytics 87333 Sequence Data Analysis 87534 Analysis of Promoter Strength and Nascent RNA Synthesis 89535 Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in Molecular Cytogenetics 91736 Physical and Genetic Mapping of Genomes 92537 DNA-Microarray Technology 94538 The Use of Oligonucleotides as Tools in Cell Biology 95939 Proteome Analysis 97740 Metabolomics and Peptidomics 102341 Interactomics – Systematic Protein–Protein Interactions 103342 Chemical Biology 104143 Toponome Analysis 1057Appendix 1: Amino Acids and Posttranslational Modifications 1073Appendix 2: Symbols and Abbreviations 1075Appendix 3: Standard Amino Acids (three and one letter code) 1081Appendix 4: Nucleic Acid Bases 1083Index 1085

Friedrich Lottspeich studied chemistry in Vienna and performed his dissertation at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich. He received his PhD in biochemistry from the University of Vienna. After habilitation in Munich and Innsbruck, Friedrich Lottspeich was head of the protein analytics group at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich until his retirement in 2013. His research focused on the development and application of methods for the analysis of proteins. Friedrich Lottspeich is author of more than 750 original publications and is a former President of EUPA and DGPF. He received several international prizes such as the ASAC Pregl Medal 2009, the DGMS Award Mass spectrometry in Life Sciences 2012, the AUPA Life Achievement Award 2014 and the EUPA Juan Pablo Albar Proteomics Award 2016. Joachim W. Engels studied chemistry in Berlin and Munich and received a Ph.D. in Regensburg. He carried out post-doctoral studies at Stanford, did his habilitation in Konstanz and was a visiting scientist at the University of Colorado before joining the company Hoechst in 1981, where he developed gene synthesis. He is a full Professor of Biological Chemistry at the Goethe-University of Frankfurt since 1985. His interests range from chemical biology to bioanalytics. Joachim Engels has served as president of the International Society of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (2005/6), held several guest professorships at Chiba Institute, Japan (1989), Hokkaido University, Japan (1998) Shandong University, China (2004), Cady-Ayyad University, Morocco (2010), University Witwatersrand, South Africa (2012). He has authored more than 300 original publications. On retirement, he was chosen Professor Emeritus and he is now President of the Goethe-Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Academy) in Frankfurt.

• Preface XVIntroduction XIXPart I Protein Analytics 11 Protein Purification 32 Protein determination 233 Enzyme Activity Testing 354 Microcalorimetry 475 Immunological Techniques 636 Chemical Modification of Proteins and Protein Complexes 1077 Spectroscopy 1318 Light Microscopy Techniques – Imaging 1819 Cleavage of Proteins 20710 Chromatographic Separation Methods 21911 Electrophoretic Techniques 24312 Capillary Electrophoresis 27513 Amino Acid Analysis 30114 Protein Sequence Analysis 31315 Mass Spectrometry 32916 Protein–Protein Interactions 38117 Biosensors 419Part II 3D Structure Determination 43118 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Biomolecules 43319 Electron Microscopy 48520 Atomic Force Microscopy 51921 X-Ray Structure Analysis 529Part III Peptides, Carbohydrates, and Lipids 55322 Analytics of Synthetic Peptides 55523 Carbohydrate Analysis 57124 Lipid Analysis 61325 Analysis of Post-translational Modifications: Phosphorylation and Acetylation of Proteins 645Part IV Nucleic Acid Analytics 66326 Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acids 66527 Analysis of Nucleic Acids 68128 Techniques for the Hybridization and Detection of Nucleic Acids 71929 Polymerase Chain Reaction 75530 DNA Sequencing 78531 Analysis of Epigenetic Modifications 81732 Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions 831Part V Functional and Systems Analytics 87333 Sequence Data Analysis 87534 Analysis of Promoter Strength and Nascent RNA Synthesis 89535 Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in Molecular Cytogenetics 91736 Physical and Genetic Mapping of Genomes 92537 DNA-Microarray Technology 94538 The Use of Oligonucleotides as Tools in Cell Biology 95939 Proteome Analysis 97740 Metabolomics and Peptidomics 102341 Interactomics – Systematic Protein–Protein Interactions 103342 Chemical Biology 104143 Toponome Analysis 1057Appendix 1: Amino Acids and Posttranslational Modifications 1073Appendix 2: Symbols and Abbreviations 1075Appendix 3: Standard Amino Acids (three and one letter code) 1081Appendix 4: Nucleic Acid Bases 1083Index 1085