Zeolite Catalysis for Low-Carbon Molecule Conversion

Xingang Li is Chair Professor at the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, China. His research focuses on heterogeneous catalysis, specializing in the transformation of low-carbon molecules into liquid fuels and chemicals, the conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals, the catalytic production of hydrogen, and the elimination of exhaust pollutants from industrial processes.Noritatsu Tsubaki is Chair Professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Japan. His research encompasses synthetic fuels from syngas, coal, and biomass; heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis in supercritical fluids; zeolite and metal membrane development; and carbon materials, mesoporous materials, and metal-organic frameworks.

• Preface xvPart I Introduction 11 Challenges and Opportunities for Zeolites in the Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 3Zaiku Xie, Chuanming Wang, Jing Shi1.1 Introduction 31.2 Challenges in the Synthesis of Zeolites 31.3 Challenges in Zeolite-catalyzed Low-carbon Hydrocarbon Conversions 41.4 Challenges in the Construction and Characterization of Active Sites in Zeolites 61.5 Opportunities and Outlook 6Part II Structures and Properties of Zeolites 92 Synthesis of Zeolite-encapsulated Metal Catalysts for Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 11Kai Zhang, Chengxu Li, Qiming Sun, Jihong Yu2.1 Introduction 112.2 Synthetic Methods for Zeolite-encapsulated Metal Catalysts Preparation 122.3 Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 282.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 373 Synthesis of Hierarchical Zeolites for Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 45Chengyi Dai, Yetong Li, Chunshan Song3.1 Introduction 453.2 Synthesis Methods 483.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 724 Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolites in Catalytic Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules 87Zaizhe Cheng, Ying Li, Shouying Huang, Meiyan Wang, Xinbin Ma4.1 Introduction 874.2 Deactivation of Zeolite Catalysts in Acid-catalyzed Reactions 884.3 Deactivation of Metal–Zeolite Catalysts: Metal-catalyzed and Bifunctional Systems 1134.4 Perspectives 1275 Conversion of Low-carbon Molecules over Zeolites 143Jiale Xiao, Wei Fang, Chengtao Wang, Liang Wang, Fengshou Xiao5.1 Introduction 1435.2 Low Temperature Oxidation of Methane to Methanol 1435.3 Syngas Conversion 1475.4 CO2 Conversion 1565.5 Conclusion and Outlook 1636 Zeolites for Low-carbon Hydrocarbon Conversion: Mechanistic Insights 173Chao Wang, Min Hu, Feng Deng, Jun Xu6.1 Introduction 1736.2 Conversion of Low-carbon Alcohols over Zeolites 1746.3 Transformation of Low-carbon Alkanes over Zeolites 1876.4 Conclusion 196Part III CO Conversion 2097 Application of Zeolite in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis 211Yingluo He, Guangbo Liu, Guohui Yang, Noritatsu Tsubaki7.1 What Is Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis? 2117.2 Zeolite-based FTS Catalysts 2167.3 Zeolite-based Membrane Reactors 2367.4 Conclusion and Outlook 2388 Application of Zeolites in Syngas to Oxygenated Hydrocarbons Synthesis 249Suhan Liu, Yubing Li, Kang Cheng, Jincan Kang, Ye Wang8.1 Introduction 2498.2 Production of C2 Oxygenates Mediated by Carbonylation 2518.3 Production of DME Mediated by Dehydration 2558.4 Production of Aldehydes Mediated by Hydroformylation 2588.5 Conclusion and Outlook 2629 Application of Zeolite in Carbonylation 269Wei Luo, Kaijie Han, Song Song, Tong Ding, Ye Tian, Xingang Li9.1 Introduction 2699.2 DME Carbonylation Reaction 2709.3 Methanol Carbonylation Reaction 2819.4 Methanol Oxidative Carbonylation Reaction 2839.5 Ethanol Carbonylation Reaction 2849.6 Ethanol Oxidative Carbonylation Reaction 2859.7 Methane Oxidative Carbonylation Reaction 2869.8 Conclusion and Future Outlook 286Part IV CO2 Conversion 29510 Application of Zeolites in CO2 to Aromatics 297Cederick Cyril Amoo, Jian Sun10.1 Introduction 29710.2 Zeolite Catalysis in Aromatics Production 29910.3 Heterogeneous CO2 Hydrogenation to Aromatics 30010.4 Conclusions and Outlook 31211 CO2 Hydrogenation to Alkenes over Zeolite-based Catalysts 317Sen Wang, Qian Zhang, Shiying Li, Mei Dong, Jianguo Wang, Weibin Fan11.1 Introduction 31711.2 The FT Synthesis Route for Light Olefins Formation from CO2 Hydrogenation 32011.3 Methanol-Intermediate Route for Light Olefins Formation from CO2 Hydrogenation 32511.4 Control of the Product Distributions in CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefins 33511.5 Conclusion and Outlook 34012 Application of Zeolites in CO2 to Oxygenates 355Limin Zhang, Miao Zhang, Wenhui Li, Guanghui Zhang, Chunshan Song, Xinwen Guo12.1 Introduction 35512.2 CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol 35612.3 CO2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol 36312.4 CO2 Hydrogenation to DME 369Contents xi12.5 CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid 37912.6 Conclusion and Outlook 385Part V Methane Conversion 39313 Application of Zeolites in Methane to Value-added Chemicals 395Jin Liu, Bo Wu, Liangshu Zhong13.1 Introduction 39513.2 Direct Methane Conversion to Chemicals 39713.3 Summary and Prospects 412Part VI Methanol Conversion 42314 Application of Zeolites in Methanol/Dimethyl Ether to Fuels 425Faisal Zafar, Mansoor Ali, Jong Wook Bae14.1 Introduction 42514.2 Zeolites for Methanol/DME Conversion to Fuels 42714.3 Effects of Reaction Variables for Methanol/DME Conversions 43014.4 Effects of Zeolite Morphology and Pore Size Distribution 43414.5 Effects of Zeolite Topology and Pore Size Distribution 43714.6 Effects of Si/Al Ratio and Al Distribution in Zeolite Frameworks 43914.7 Effects of B/L and External/Internal Acidic Sites on the Zeolites 44314.8 Effects of Metal Modifications to Catalytic Activity and Stability 446xii Contents14.9 Reaction Mechanisms for Methanol/DME Conversion and Deactivations 44914.10 Summary and Perspectives 45215 Application of Zeolites in Methanol-to-olefins 469Yong Wang, Peipei Xiao, Toshiyuki Yokoi15.1 Introduction 46915.2 MTO Reaction Mechanism on Zeolite 47015.3 Factors Affecting MTO Performance 47915.4 Conclusions and Outlook 497Part VII Other Reactions 50716 Application of Zeolite in Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbons 509Yupeng Tian, Xinmei Liu16.1 Introduction 50916.2 Dehydrogenation Process 51116.3 Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 525References 532Index 535