Gels: Structures, Properties, and Functions

ItisagreatpleasureforustopresentacollectionofpapersreadattheToyoichiTanaka MemorialSymposiumonGelsheldon10-12September2008inTokyo. ProfessorToyoichi TanakaofMIThasdevelopedgelscienceafterthediscoveryofvolumephasetransition,but unfortunately he passed away so early in 2000. His friends and co-workers decided to organizeasymposiumcommemoratingthe30thanniversaryforthediscoveryofthevolume phasetransitionin1978. ThesymposiumwasheldinastyleofFaradayDiscussions. FullpaperswritteninJapanese weresentbeforehandtoalltheparticipants,anddiscussionswereactiveafterashort(5min) presentationofeachpaper. SinceJapaneselanguageisverydifferentfromEuropeanl- guages,weJapanesecouldspeakfreelywithoutanyhesitation. Althoughalltheparticipants are good at English as proved by their publication of many papers in English, yet the discussionofdelicatenuancescouldbedonebetterinJapanesethaninEnglish. Afterthesuccessfulsymposium,paperswritteninEnglishtakingintoaccountthedisc- sionsduringthesymposiumwerereviewedbyexpertscientists,andthepaperswererevised accordingly. We hope that this collection of papers is interesting and useful for all the scientistsandengineersworkingintheareaofgelsbothinacademiaandindustry.Finally, wethankallthecontributorsandreviewersfortheirenthusiasticefforts. Summer2009 MasayukiTokita KatsuyoshiNishinari v Contents StructureandFunctionalPropertiesofGels CompetitiveHydrogenBondsandCononsolvencyofPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s inMixedSolventsofWater/Methanol...1 FumihikoTanaka,TsuyoshiKoga,andFranc,ItisagreatpleasureforustopresentacollectionofpapersreadattheToyoichiTanaka MemorialSymposiumonGelsheldon10-12September2008inTokyo. ProfessorToyoichi TanakaofMIThasdevelopedgelscienceafterthediscoveryofvolumephasetransition,but unfortunately he passed away so early in 2000. His friends and co-workers decided to organizeasymposiumcommemoratingthe30thanniversaryforthediscoveryofthevolume phasetransitionin1978. ThesymposiumwasheldinastyleofFaradayDiscussions. FullpaperswritteninJapanese weresentbeforehandtoalltheparticipants,anddiscussionswereactiveafterashort(5min) presentationofeachpaper. SinceJapaneselanguageisverydifferentfromEuropeanl- guages,weJapanesecouldspeakfreelywithoutanyhesitation. Althoughalltheparticipants are good at English as proved by their publication of many papers in English, yet the discussionofdelicatenuancescouldbedonebetterinJapanesethaninEnglish.Afterthesuccessfulsymposium,paperswritteninEnglishtakingintoaccountthedisc- sionsduringthesymposiumwerereviewedbyexpertscientists,andthepaperswererevised accordingly. We hope that this collection of papers is interesting and useful for all the scientistsandengineersworkingintheareaofgelsbothinacademiaandindustry. Finally, wethankallthecontributorsandreviewersfortheirenthusiasticefforts. Summer2009 MasayukiTokita KatsuyoshiNishinari v Contents StructureandFunctionalPropertiesofGels CompetitiveHydrogenBondsandCononsolvencyofPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s inMixedSolventsofWater/Methanol...1 FumihikoTanaka,TsuyoshiKoga,andFranccoiseM. Winnik RheologicalPropertiesofSolutionsofaPolyampholyticBlockCopolymer...9 TomomitsuSekitani,KenjiUrayama,ManabuTsuruta,Masahiko Mitsuzuka,andToshikazuTakigawa Helix-CoilTransitionandAssociationBehaviorofWater-SolublePolypeptides HavingHydrophobicAlkylSideChains...15 KatsuhiroInomata,TomokazuTakai,NoriyoshiOhno,YoshiakiYamaji, ErinaYamada,HidekiSugimoto,andEijiNakanishi EffectsofSurfactantsontheLinearRheologyofTelechelic AssociatingPolymers...23 TsutomuIndei Time-DependentFlowPropertiesofTransientHydrogelswith TemporalNetworkJunctions...31 IsamuKaneda,TsuyoshiKoga,andFumihikoTanaka StressGrowthinTransientPolymerNetworksunderStartup ShearFlow...39 TsuyoshiKoga,FumihikoTanaka,andIsamuKaneda Self-assemblingStructuresandSol-GelTransitionofOptically ActiveandRacemic12-HydroxystearicAcidsinOrganicSolvents...47 HiroyukiTakeno,TomomitsuMochizuki,KazutoYoshiba,ShingoKondo, andToshiakiDobashi TheGelPointandNetworkFormationinthePolymerisation ofanEpoxy-AmineSystemIncludingRingFormation...55 YutakaTanaka,JohnL. Stanford,andRobert. F. T. Stepto TheEffectiveSurfaceRoughnessScalingoftheGelationSurface PatternFormation...63 T. Mizoue,M. Tokita,H. Honjo,H. J. Barraza,andH. Katsuragi DiscontinuousGrowthofOnionStructureUnderShear...69 ShujiFujii vii viii Contents StudyonSelf-AssemblyofTelechelicHydrophobicallyModi?ed Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)inWater...77 TaisukeFujimoto,EmiYoshimoto,andMasahikoAnnaka SomeThoughtsontheDe?nitionofaGel...87 KatsuyoshiNishinari SwellingofGels StructuralTransitionofNon-ionicPoly(acrylamide)Gel...95 Sada-atsuMukai,HirohisaMiki,VasylGaramus,Regine Willmeit,andMasayukiTokita SwellingEquilibriumofaGelinBinaryMixedSolvents...101 HirohisaMiki,ShinYagihara,Sada-atsuMukai,andMasyukiTokita RevisittoSwellingKineticsofGels...107 KenjiUrayama,NaokiMurata,ShojiNosaka,MasahiroKojima, andToshikazuTakigawa EffectofResidualSwellingSolventonNanoporeFormationinReplication ofSwollenHydrogelNetwork...113 Ken-ichiKurumada,AtsushiSuzuki,EmikoOtsuka,SusumuBaba,Youhei Seto,KeisukeMorita,andTakanoriNakamura SwellingPropertiesofPhysicallyCross-linkedPVAGelsPrepared byaCast-dryingMethod...121 EmikoOtsukaandAtsushiSuzuki In?uenceofHeatingTemperatureonCookingCurveofRice...127 KunioNakamura,AtsukoAkutsu,AyumiOtake,andHatsueMoritaka IndustrialandbiomedicalApplication EffectsofThicknessandCurvatureontheAdhesionProperties ofCylindricalSoftMaterialsbyaPointContactMethod...135 D. Sakasegawa,M. Goto,andA. Suzuki ElectrophoresisofDyesandProteinsinPoly(Acrylamide)GelContaining ImmobilizedBilayerMembranes...143 HirokiIshihara,GohMatsuo,TakanoriSasaki,YukoSaito,MakotoDemura, andKaoruTsujii AnApplicationofMicrocapsulesHavingEnzyme-degradableGel MembraneToCellCulture...149 ToshiakiDobashi,MichiruKoike,KentaroKobayashi,YasuyukiMaki, TakaoYamamoto,andSusumuTanaka DevelopmentofaNovelHydrogeltoPreventBacterial InfectiousDiseases...155 NorihiroKato,AzumiKobayashi,HiroshiMotohashi,YuOzonoe,Tomohiro Morohoshi,andTsukasaIkeda EffectofParticlesAlignmentonGiantReductioninDynamic ModulusofHydrogelsContainingNeedle-ShapedMagneticParticles...163 TetsuMitsumata,YuheiKosugi,andShunsukeOuchi Contents ix MolecularDiffusioninPolysaccharideGelSystemsasObservedbyNMR...171 ShingoMatsukawa,DaisukeSagae,andAkikoMogi ChainReleaseBehaviorofGellanGels...177 KhandkerS. HossainandKatsuyoshiNishinari GelFormationofRecombinantFibrinogenLackingaCTermini...187 KenjiKuboa,YukaMasuda,YoshiharuToyama,NobukazuNameki, NobuoOkumura,andMasanoriOchiai DynamicLightScatteringStudyofPigVitreousBody...195 ToyoakiMatsuura,NaokazuIdota,YoshiakiHara,andMasahikoAnnaka TheRelationshipBetweentheChangesinLocalStiffnessofChicken Myo?brilandtheTendernessofMuscleDuringPostmortemAging...205 T. Iwasaki,Y. Hasegawa,K. Yamamoto,andK. Nakamura Index...211 ProgrColloidPolymSci(2009)136:1-8 DOI:10. 1007/2882_2009_1 CompetitiveHydrogenBondsandCononsolvency ofPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)sinMixedSolvents ofWater/Methanol 1 1 2 FumihikoTanaka ,TsuyoshiKoga ,andFranc,oiseM.