Methods in Lignin Chemistry

Häftad, Engelska, 2011

Del i serien Springer Series in Wood Science

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Beskrivning

Subsequently, increasingly wide ranging, in-depth investigations on the structure and reactivity of lignin exposed the inadequacy of many of the methods currently in use and underscored the ever-continuing need to develop new methods capable of solving the unique analytical problems associated with lignin.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2011-12-08
Mått:155 x 235 x 37 mm
Vikt:944 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Springer Series in Wood Science
Antal sidor:578
Förlag:Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
ISBN:9783642740671

Utforska kategorier

Analytisk kemi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Biovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Skogsbruk inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Innehållsförteckning

1 Introduction.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Detection and Determination.- 2.1 The Detection of Lignin.- 2.2 The Determination of Lignin.- 3 Isolation and Purification.- 3.1 Wood.- 3.2 Isolation of Lignin from Pulp.- 3.3 Commercial Spent Pulping Liquors.- 4 Characterization in Solid State.- 4.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.- 4.2 Ultraviolet Microscopy.- 4.3 Interference Microscopy.- 4.4 Electron Microscopy.- 4.5 Cross Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP/MAS NMR) Spectroscopy.- 4.6 Raman Spectroscopy.- 4.7 Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- 4.8 Thermal Analysis.- 5 Characterization in Solution: Spectroscopic Methods.- 5.1 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry.- 5.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.- 5.3 Proton (1H) NMR Spectroscopy.- 5.4 Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry.- 5.5 Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy.- 6 Characterization in Solution: Chemical Degradation Methods.- 6.1 Acidolysis.- 6.2 Nitrobenzene and Cupric Oxide Oxidations.- 6.3 Chemical Degradation Methods: Permanganate Oxidation.- 6.4 Thioacidolysis.- 6.5 Hydrogenolysis.- 6.6 Nucleus Exchange Reaction.- 6.7 Ozonation.- 7 Functional Group Analysis.- 7.1 Determination of Total and Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups.- 7.2 Determination of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups.- 7.3 Determination of Ethylenic Groups.- 7.4 Determination of Carbonyl Groups.- 7.5 Determination of Carboxyl Groups.- 7.6 Determination of Methoxyl Groups.- 7.7 Determination of Sulfonate Groups and Total Sulfur.- 8 Determination of Molecular Weight, Size, and Distribution.- 8.1 Gel Permeation Chromatography.- 8.2 Light Scattering.- 8.3 Vapor Pressure Osmometry.- 8.4 Ultrafiltration.- 9 Separation of Identification of Low-Molecular Weight Fragments and Model Compounds.- 9.1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).- 9.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).