West over Sea

Beverley Ballin Smith, is an Archaeologist at the University of Glasgow whose research interests are the prehistoric and early medieval archaeology of the Northern Isles of Scotland. She was co-author with Barbara Crawford of The Biggings, Papa Stour Shetland (Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1999).Simon Taylor, Ph.D., (1995), is a toponymist and researcher on the AHRC-funded project ‘Gaelic in medieval Scotland: the evidence of names’, at the Department of Celtic, University of Glasgow. He has published widely on Scottish place-names and saints’ cults, including Place-Names of Fife volume 1 (of 4 volumes, Shaun Tyas, 2006).Gareth Williams, Ph.D. (1997), is a curator at the British Museum. He has published on Anglo-Saxon, Viking and Scottish topics, and has co-edited three other books on aspects of the Viking Age, including two in Brill's The Northern World series.

• CONTENTSForeword .. ixNicholas BrooksPreface .. xiiiList of Contributors .. xvList of Illustrations .. xviiList of Tables .. xxiCounty Abbreviations .. xxiiiBarbara E. Crawford—A Bibliography .. xxvPART ONE: HISTORY AND CULTURAL CONTACTSOn Reading the Icelandic Sagas: Approaches to Old Icelandic Texts .. 3Paul BibireBecoming Scottish in the thirteenth century: the evidence of the Chronicle of Melrose .. 19Dauvit BrounLiving on the Edge: Scandinavian Dublin in the Twelfth Century .. 33Clare DownhamImage and Imagination: The Inchmarnock ‘Hostage Stone’ .. 53Christopher LoweAnglo-Saxon Inscriptions found outside the British Isles .. 69Elisabeth OkashaFrom Scotland to Normandy: The Celtic Sea Route of the Vikings .. 81Élisabeth RidelThe appearance and personal abilities of goðar, jarlar, and konungar: Iceland, Orkney and Norway .. 95Jón Viðar Sigurðsson‘Lords of Norroway’ The Shetland estate of Herdis Thorvaldsdatter .. 111Frans-Arne Stylegar and Liv Kjørsvik ScheiBALLIN_ ‘These people were high-born and thought well of themselves’: The family of Moddan of Dale .. 129Gareth WilliamsThe Wood Beyond the World: Jämtland and the Norwegian Kings .. 153Alex WoolfPART TWO: THE CHURCH AND THE CULT OF SAINTSConversion and the Church in the Hebrides in the Viking Age: “A Very Difficult Thing Indeed” .. 169Lesley AbramsA Norwegian in Durham: An Anatomy of a Miracle in Reginald of Durham’s Libellus de admirandis beati Cuthberti .. 195Haki Antonsson, with contributions by Sally Crumplin and Aidan ContiIrish and Armenian Ecclesiastics in Medieval Iceland .. 227Margaret CormackMedieval Parish Formation in Orkney .. 235Sarah Jane GibbonThe Church of St. Clement in Oslo .. 251Hans-Emil LidénThe Shetland Chapel-sites Project 1999–2000 .. 265Christopher D. Morris, with Kevin J. Brady and Paul G. JohnsonPART THREE: ARCHAEOLOGY, MATERIAL CULTURE AND SETTLEMENTNorwick: Shetland’s fi rst Viking settlement? .. 287Beverley Ballin SmithThe Pirate Fishermen: The Political Economy of a Medieval Maritime Society .. 299James H. Barrett‘Like stray words or letters’ The development and workings of the Treasure Trove system .. 341Neil G. W. CurtisEarly Medieval Sculpture from the Faroes: an illustrated catalogue .. 363Ian Fisher and Ian G. ScottLiminality and Loss: The Material Culture of St Serf ’s Priory, Loch Leven, Kinross-shire, Scotland .. 379Mark A. HallManuring practices in Scotland: deep anthropogenic soils and the historical record .. 401Jo McKenzieStobister, Sinnabist and Starrapund: three wilderness settlements in Shetland .. 419Brian SmithGovernor on Antiquarian Mission: Christian Pløyen—a Faroese Link between Copenhagen and Shetland .. 431Steffen Stummann HansenPART FOUR: PLACE-NAMES AND LANGUAGEThe Scandinavian element gata outside the urbanised settlements of the Danelaw .. 445Gillian Fellows-JensenAn ogham-inscribed plaque from Bornais, South Uist .. 461Katherine ForsythScandinavian Naming-Systems in the Hebrides—A Way of Understanding how the Scandinavians were in Contact with Gaels and Picts? .. 479Peder GammeltoftThe Rock of the Irishmen: an early place-name tale from Fife and Kinross .. 497Simon TaylorThe Orkney Papar-names .. 515William P. L. ThomsonPlacing Papa Stour in Context .. 539Doreen WaughGeneral Index .. 555