Marcel van der Linden is Senior Fellow at the International Institute of Social History, Professor of Social Movement History at the University of Amsterdam, and President of the International Social History Association.Magaly Rodríguez García is Assistant Professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium. She has published on human trafficking and child labor, the history and definitions of prostitution, including “Defining Commercial Sexualities, Past and Present” (Ashgate, 2016).

• Acknowledgments ... viiList of Maps, Tables and Figures ... viiiNotes on Contributors ... ix1 Introduction ... 1Marcel van der Linden and Magaly Rodríguez GarcíaPart 1 Coerced Labor in International and National Law2 On the Legal Boundaries of Coerced Labor ... 11Magaly Rodríguez García3 Modern Slavery: The Legal Tug-of-war between Globalization and Fragmentation ... 30Nicole Siller4 Forced Labor and Institutional Change in Contemporary India ... 50Christine MolfenterPart 2 Convict and Military Labor5 Forced Labor in Colonial Penal Institutions across the Spanish, u.s., British, French Atlantic, 1860s–1920s ... 73Kelvin Santiago-Valles6 Convict Labor in the Southern Borderlands of Latin America (ca. 1750s–1910s): Comparative Perspectives ... 98Christian G. De Vito7 ‘A military necessity which must be pressed’: The u.s. Army and Forced Road Labor in the Early American Colonial Philippines ... 127Justin F. Jackson8 Foreign Forced Labor at Mitsubishi’s Nagasaki and Hiroshima Shipyards: Big Business, Militarized Government, and the Absence of Shipbuilding Workers’ Rights in World War II Japan ... 159David PalmerPart 3 Agricultural and Industrial Labor9 Coerced Coffee Cultivation and Rural Agency: The Plantation-Economy of the Kivu (1918–1940) ... 187Sven Van Melkebeke10 “As much in bondage as they was before”: Unfree Labor during the New Deal (1935–1952) ... 208Nicola Pizzolato11 State-Sanctioned Coercion and Agricultural Contract Labor: Jamaican and Mexican Workers in Canada and the United States, 1909–2014 ... 225Luis F.B. Plascencia12 “Modern Slave Labor” in Brazil at the Intersection of Production, Migration and Resistance Networks ... 267Lisa CarstensenPart 4 In Lieu of a Conclusion13 Dissecting Coerced Labor ... 293Marcel van der LindenBibliography ... 323Index ... 369

Marcel van der Linden is Senior Fellow at the International Institute of Social History, Professor of Social Movement History at the University of Amsterdam, and President of the International Social History Association.Magaly Rodríguez García is Assistant Professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium. She has published on human trafficking and child labor, the history and definitions of prostitution, including “Defining Commercial Sexualities, Past and Present” (Ashgate, 2016).

• Acknowledgments ... viiList of Maps, Tables and Figures ... viiiNotes on Contributors ... ix1 Introduction ... 1Marcel van der Linden and Magaly Rodríguez GarcíaPart 1 Coerced Labor in International and National Law2 On the Legal Boundaries of Coerced Labor ... 11Magaly Rodríguez García3 Modern Slavery: The Legal Tug-of-war between Globalization and Fragmentation ... 30Nicole Siller4 Forced Labor and Institutional Change in Contemporary India ... 50Christine MolfenterPart 2 Convict and Military Labor5 Forced Labor in Colonial Penal Institutions across the Spanish, u.s., British, French Atlantic, 1860s–1920s ... 73Kelvin Santiago-Valles6 Convict Labor in the Southern Borderlands of Latin America (ca. 1750s–1910s): Comparative Perspectives ... 98Christian G. De Vito7 ‘A military necessity which must be pressed’: The u.s. Army and Forced Road Labor in the Early American Colonial Philippines ... 127Justin F. Jackson8 Foreign Forced Labor at Mitsubishi’s Nagasaki and Hiroshima Shipyards: Big Business, Militarized Government, and the Absence of Shipbuilding Workers’ Rights in World War II Japan ... 159David PalmerPart 3 Agricultural and Industrial Labor9 Coerced Coffee Cultivation and Rural Agency: The Plantation-Economy of the Kivu (1918–1940) ... 187Sven Van Melkebeke10 “As much in bondage as they was before”: Unfree Labor during the New Deal (1935–1952) ... 208Nicola Pizzolato11 State-Sanctioned Coercion and Agricultural Contract Labor: Jamaican and Mexican Workers in Canada and the United States, 1909–2014 ... 225Luis F.B. Plascencia12 “Modern Slave Labor” in Brazil at the Intersection of Production, Migration and Resistance Networks ... 267Lisa CarstensenPart 4 In Lieu of a Conclusion13 Dissecting Coerced Labor ... 293Marcel van der LindenBibliography ... 323Index ... 369