Hannah W. Matis, Ph.D. (2013), University of Notre Dame, is assistant professor of church history at Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. She specializes in Carolingian biblical interpretation, early medieval history, and the history of Christianity.

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroduction: Love in a Cold Climate: the Song of Songs and the Carolingian Reform1 The Mother of Invention: Bede’s Commentary on the Song of Songs1.1 Late Antique Exegesis on the Song of Songs1.2 Exegetical Authority on the Make: Bede’s Commentary on the Song of Songs1.3 Re-writing the Plot of the Song1.4 Diversity in Unity: a Gregorian Ecclesiology of the Church1.5 The Doctores1.6 The Gregorian Interpretation of the Song of Songs2 Adoptionism and the Song of Songs: Exegesis, Controversy, and Context2.1 The Challenge of Adoptionism2.2 The Challenge of the forma servi2.3 Elipandus of Toledo and Beatus of Liébana2.4 Iustus of Urgell2.5 Theodulf of Orléans and the Opus Caroli regis contra synodum2.6 Alcuin and the Pseudodoctores2.7 Paulinus of Aquileia’s Three Books against Felix2.8 The Legacy of Controversy3 “Fair as the Moon, Bright as the Sun”: Visions of the Church in the Song of Songs3.1 Ambrose Autpert: the Watchmen and the Bride3.2 Agobard of Lyons’s De modo regiminis ecclesiastici3.3 Haimo of Auxerre: the Pressures and Labors of This Age3.4 Ecclesia and Synagoga4 Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? The Making of the City Watch4.1 Educating the Clergy, Defining the Church: Carolingian Baptismal Expositions4.2 Labora in uerbo predicationis: Alcuin and the doctores4.3 Haimo of Auxerre and the Song of Songs as Carolingian School Text4.4 Amalarius of Metz’s On the Liturgy5 Writing a Song for Solomon: Song Exegesis for Carolingian Kings5.1 The King, the Prophet, and the Book of the Law5.2 Like Dripping Honey: Alcuin and Charlemagne5.3 Lothar, Angelomus of Luxeuil, and the Enarrationes in Cantica Canticorum5.4 Charles the Bald, Hincmar of Rheims, and the Explanatio in Ferculum Salomonis6 “Love’s Lament”: Paschasius Radbertus and the Song of Songs6.1 Singing the Life of Heaven: Paschasius, the Liturgy, and the Song of Songs6.2 Perfumes and Ointments: Paschasius’s Commentary on Matthew and the Song of Songs6.3 Diverse Laments: Paschasius’s Commentary on Lamentations and the Song of Songs6.4 The Absent Bridegroom: Paschasius, Adalhard, and Corbie6.5 Lilies of the Valley: Paschasius’s Exposition on Psalm 44 (45) and the Nuns of Soissons6.6 The Garden Enclosed: Paschasius and the Virgin MaryConclusionBibliography1 Editions and Translations2 Secondary MaterialIndex

Hannah W. Matis, Ph.D. (2013), University of Notre Dame, is assistant professor of church history at Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. She specializes in Carolingian biblical interpretation, early medieval history, and the history of Christianity.

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroduction: Love in a Cold Climate: the Song of Songs and the Carolingian Reform1 The Mother of Invention: Bede’s Commentary on the Song of Songs1.1 Late Antique Exegesis on the Song of Songs1.2 Exegetical Authority on the Make: Bede’s Commentary on the Song of Songs1.3 Re-writing the Plot of the Song1.4 Diversity in Unity: a Gregorian Ecclesiology of the Church1.5 The Doctores1.6 The Gregorian Interpretation of the Song of Songs2 Adoptionism and the Song of Songs: Exegesis, Controversy, and Context2.1 The Challenge of Adoptionism2.2 The Challenge of the forma servi2.3 Elipandus of Toledo and Beatus of Liébana2.4 Iustus of Urgell2.5 Theodulf of Orléans and the Opus Caroli regis contra synodum2.6 Alcuin and the Pseudodoctores2.7 Paulinus of Aquileia’s Three Books against Felix2.8 The Legacy of Controversy3 “Fair as the Moon, Bright as the Sun”: Visions of the Church in the Song of Songs3.1 Ambrose Autpert: the Watchmen and the Bride3.2 Agobard of Lyons’s De modo regiminis ecclesiastici3.3 Haimo of Auxerre: the Pressures and Labors of This Age3.4 Ecclesia and Synagoga4 Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? The Making of the City Watch4.1 Educating the Clergy, Defining the Church: Carolingian Baptismal Expositions4.2 Labora in uerbo predicationis: Alcuin and the doctores4.3 Haimo of Auxerre and the Song of Songs as Carolingian School Text4.4 Amalarius of Metz’s On the Liturgy5 Writing a Song for Solomon: Song Exegesis for Carolingian Kings5.1 The King, the Prophet, and the Book of the Law5.2 Like Dripping Honey: Alcuin and Charlemagne5.3 Lothar, Angelomus of Luxeuil, and the Enarrationes in Cantica Canticorum5.4 Charles the Bald, Hincmar of Rheims, and the Explanatio in Ferculum Salomonis6 “Love’s Lament”: Paschasius Radbertus and the Song of Songs6.1 Singing the Life of Heaven: Paschasius, the Liturgy, and the Song of Songs6.2 Perfumes and Ointments: Paschasius’s Commentary on Matthew and the Song of Songs6.3 Diverse Laments: Paschasius’s Commentary on Lamentations and the Song of Songs6.4 The Absent Bridegroom: Paschasius, Adalhard, and Corbie6.5 Lilies of the Valley: Paschasius’s Exposition on Psalm 44 (45) and the Nuns of Soissons6.6 The Garden Enclosed: Paschasius and the Virgin MaryConclusionBibliography1 Editions and Translations2 Secondary MaterialIndex

Hannah W. Matis, Ph.D. (2013), University of Notre Dame, is assistant professor of church history at Virginia Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. She specializes in Carolingian biblical interpretation, early medieval history, and the history of Christianity.

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroduction: Love in a Cold Climate: the Song of Songs and the Carolingian Reform1 The Mother of Invention: Bede’s Commentary on the Song of Songs1.1 Late Antique Exegesis on the Song of Songs1.2 Exegetical Authority on the Make: Bede’s Commentary on the Song of Songs1.3 Re-writing the Plot of the Song1.4 Diversity in Unity: a Gregorian Ecclesiology of the Church1.5 The Doctores1.6 The Gregorian Interpretation of the Song of Songs2 Adoptionism and the Song of Songs: Exegesis, Controversy, and Context2.1 The Challenge of Adoptionism2.2 The Challenge of the forma servi2.3 Elipandus of Toledo and Beatus of Liébana2.4 Iustus of Urgell2.5 Theodulf of Orléans and the Opus Caroli regis contra synodum2.6 Alcuin and the Pseudodoctores2.7 Paulinus of Aquileia’s Three Books against Felix2.8 The Legacy of Controversy3 “Fair as the Moon, Bright as the Sun”: Visions of the Church in the Song of Songs3.1 Ambrose Autpert: the Watchmen and the Bride3.2 Agobard of Lyons’s De modo regiminis ecclesiastici3.3 Haimo of Auxerre: the Pressures and Labors of This Age3.4 Ecclesia and Synagoga4 Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? The Making of the City Watch4.1 Educating the Clergy, Defining the Church: Carolingian Baptismal Expositions4.2 Labora in uerbo predicationis: Alcuin and the doctores4.3 Haimo of Auxerre and the Song of Songs as Carolingian School Text4.4 Amalarius of Metz’s On the Liturgy5 Writing a Song for Solomon: Song Exegesis for Carolingian Kings5.1 The King, the Prophet, and the Book of the Law5.2 Like Dripping Honey: Alcuin and Charlemagne5.3 Lothar, Angelomus of Luxeuil, and the Enarrationes in Cantica Canticorum5.4 Charles the Bald, Hincmar of Rheims, and the Explanatio in Ferculum Salomonis6 “Love’s Lament”: Paschasius Radbertus and the Song of Songs6.1 Singing the Life of Heaven: Paschasius, the Liturgy, and the Song of Songs6.2 Perfumes and Ointments: Paschasius’s Commentary on Matthew and the Song of Songs6.3 Diverse Laments: Paschasius’s Commentary on Lamentations and the Song of Songs6.4 The Absent Bridegroom: Paschasius, Adalhard, and Corbie6.5 Lilies of the Valley: Paschasius’s Exposition on Psalm 44 (45) and the Nuns of Soissons6.6 The Garden Enclosed: Paschasius and the Virgin MaryConclusionBibliography1 Editions and Translations2 Secondary MaterialIndex