Cornel Zwierlein, Ph.D. (2003) University of Munich (LMU) and the CESR Tours is currently on a Heisenberg-Stelle at the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut, FU Berlin. Before he was w1-Prof. 2008-2017. He holds the Habilitation (Privatdozent) at RUB Bochum (2011/3), was Fellow at the History Department, Harvard University 2013-2015, Associate there 2016, 2018, CRASSH Cambridge 2014, Max-Weber-Kolleg Erfurt 2017/18. His monographs include: Discorso and Lex Dei (French Wars of Religion, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: 2006), The Political Thought of the French League and Rome, 1585-1589 (Droz: 2016) and Imperial Unknowns. The French and the British in the Mediterranean, 1650-1750 (Cambridge UP, 2016/8).

• AcknowledgementsList of Figures and Tables1 Introduction2 Spaces, Value, Presentism: Premodern Insurance1 The Commercial Communication System around 14002 Insurance as an Accounting Trick between the World of Nature and the World of Values3 Premiums of Presentism: Hidden Forces within the History of Law4 International Trade Law and Insurance as an Achievement of the Moderni5 Summary3 The Danger between Nature and Culture: The Quotidian Threat of Urban Fires in the Premodern Era1 The “Reality” of the Danger: Fire Cycles, Fire Frequencies1.1 The “Fire Gap”1.2 8,200 Fires in Germany and Austria1.3 Trends in Fire Frequencies According to Fire Insurance Statistics1.4 War and Fire Trends1.5 Climate and Fire Trends1.6 The Fire Ecology of Hamburg1.7 Summary2 The Perception of Danger2.1 The Theology of Divine Punishment and the Fire Events of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Security Losses, Security Gains2.2 Visualization and Affect2.2.1 The Modernity of City Fire Images and Their Dutch Provenance2.2.2 A Discrepancy: Mythological/Biblical City Fire Paintings vs. the Low Number/Quality of Paintings of “Real” City Fires2.2.3 Early Modern Image Theory and Disaster Images2.2.4 Temporalization, Eventfulness and Affect Control2.2.5 Threat Perception, Security Requirements, and Emotionalization2.3 Ground Zeros: Visualization and Time Horizons3 Developmental Trends of “Real-Assecuration”: Fire Policey, Construction3.1 The Security Regimes between the Late Middle Ages and the Enlightenment and between the City and the Territories3.1.1 Cologne: An Important Medieval Imperial City3.1.2 The German Center of Security Innovations: Hamburg3.1.3 The State’s “Images” of the City Collective: An Approach to Disaster Memory and to Learning from Disaster (e.g., Prussia)3.2 Panaceas: from “Local Knowledge” to Science and Back Again to Popular Enlightenment4 Summary4 The Epochal Threshold of the Security Regimes 1680–17001 Laboratories of Innovation: Hamburg and Berlin---1680–17001.1 London: Nicholas Barbon1.1.1 Protostatistics, Protoprobabilistic Reasoning, and the Conflict between State and Private Economies1.1.2 Nicholas Barbon: Building Speculator and Growth Theorist1.1.3 Insurance Innovation and the “Financial Revolution”1.2 Hamburg and Leibniz1.2.1 The Hamburg General Fire Fund: Innovation without an Inventor1.2.2 Transformation into an Element of Economic Provisioning: Leibniz1.2.2.1 Before Leibniz: The Rulership Contract and Disaster Insurance around 16001.2.2.2 Leibniz and the Territorial Institutionalization of Insurance1.2.2.3 “Real-Assecuration”: The Founding of the Berlin Academy and Fire Association1.3 Summary: The Power of Analogies2 Religious Culture and “Insurance”2.1 Max Weber, the Protestant Ethic, Calvin(ism), and Economics2.2 A Historiographical Gap: Insuring and Religious Denominations2.3 Insurance History and Protestantism: The Search for Evidence5 The Emergence of the Normal Secure Society1 Insurance and Social Structures1.1 Collective Solidarity: from Risk Communities to Cosmopolitical Aid in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries1.2 Insurance as Emerging from Notions of Social Contract and Moral Duty2 State and Society in the Code of Numbers3 Time Instead of Space: Sustainability and Insurance6 The Globalization of Safety Regimes: The Return of Space1 Hamburg2 Istanbul3 Bombay/Calcutta4 China5 USA/New York6 Comparative Analysis7 ConclusionAppendix 1 Academic Legal Treatises and Dissertations on the Assecuratio (in Chronological Order)Appendix 2 Chronological List of Cameralist Fire Insurance Foundations in GermanyAppendix 3 Cameralist Treatises of Brandkassen and InsurancesSources and LiteratureIndex LocorumIndex NominumIndex Rerum