Marco Panato completed his PhD in History at the University of Nottingham in 2020. After a first post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Tübingen, he returned to Nottingham, where he is a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow working on the historical ecology of the early medieval coastal marshes in Italy.

• Abbreviations 1. Introduction: Studying the Po riverscape in the early Middle Ages 2. The Po River in early medieval mentalities 3. Climate, environments, and resources of the Po Valley 4. Rivers and roads: connectivity in the Po Valley 5. Circuits of goods and people: the socio-economic networks 6. River and settlements in early medieval northern Italy 7. River management, agency, and ‘other’ socio-economic uses Epilogue Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources