Robert Beeres holds a PhD in administrative sciences from Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Currently, he is a Professor of Defence Economics at the Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy. His research interests include the economics of arms export controls, defence capabilities, performance management and burden sharing within the EU and NATO. Joseph Soeters is a professor of organization studies at the Netherlands Defence Academy and Tilburg University. Jan van der Meulen is associate professor of civil-military relations at the Netherlands Defence Academy, and professor by special appointment at Leiden University.

• List of figures and tables Introduction Among hosts, allies and opposing forces; the Dutch military in Uruzgan Jan van der Meulen, Robert Beeres, Joseph Soeters and Ad Vogelaar Part I Setting the stage Brussels calling National politics under international pressure Jan van der Meulen and Mirjam Grandia Mantas Legitimizing the use of force Legal bases for operations Enduring Freedom and ISAF Paul Ducheine and Eric Pouw Getting there and back Organizing long-distance military logistics with customers in mind Ton van Kampen, Paul C. van Fenema and Tim Grant Part II Security Controlling the use of force Legal regimes Paul Ducheine and Eric Pouw Military ethics and Afghanistan Peter Olsthoorn and Desirée Verweij On your own in the desert The dynamics of self-steering leadership Ad Vogelaar and Sander Dalenberg Strain and stress Role ambiguity in an unfriendly environment Tessa Op den Buijs, Wendy Broesder and Marten Meijer The use of air power in Uruzgan Guus de Koster Vipers or tigers? Early Dutch special forces operations in Uruzgan Michiel de Weger Planning dilemmas in coalition operations Ton de Munnik and Martijn Kitzen Trust thy ally Multinational military cooperation in Uruzgan Joseph Soeters, Tom Bijlsma and Gijs van den Heuvel Part III Reconstruction Reconstruction through construction Julia Wijnmalen, Jasper Kremers and Edwin Dado Talking to strangers, learning to listen René Moelker and Michelle Schut Stimulating entrepreneurship in Uruzgan IDEA-officers focusing on private sector development in post-conflict environments Eric-Hans Kramer, Rosa Nelly Trevinyo-Rodríguez and Desirée Verweij Enhancing Uruzgani Governance The viability of a PRT’s civil-military network Mirjam Grandia Mantas, Myriame Bollen and Sebastiaan Rietjens Task Force Uruzgan and experimentation with organization design Eric-Hans Kramer, Erik De Waard and Miriam de Graaff Military engagement in civilian healthcare in Uruzgan An ethical perspective Myriame Bollen, Peter Olsthoorn, Sebastiaan Rietjens and Masood Khalil Part IV Evaluating Dutch Treat? Burden sharing in Afghanistan Marion Bogers, Robert Beeres and Irene Lubberman-Schrotenboer Taking stock The social construction of effectiveness Sebastiaan Rietjens, Joseph Soeters, Jacqueline Heeren-Bogers and Christiaan Davids It’s not over till it’s over Sharing memories at the home front Manon Andres and Natasja Rietveld Books and bikes Noises and voices of veterans Esmeralda Kleinreesink, René Moelker and Rudy Richardson Epilogue Looking back and moving on Joseph Soeters, Jan van der Meulen, Robert Beeres and Ad Vogelaar Contributors

Robert Beeres holds a PhD in administrative sciences from Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Currently, he is a Professor of Defence Economics at the Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy. His research interests include the economics of arms export controls, defence capabilities, performance management and burden sharing within the EU and NATO. Joseph Soeters is a professor of organization studies at the Netherlands Defence Academy and Tilburg University. Jan van der Meulen is associate professor of civil-military relations at the Netherlands Defence Academy, and professor by special appointment at Leiden University.

• List of figures and tables Introduction Among hosts, allies and opposing forces; the Dutch military in Uruzgan Jan van der Meulen, Robert Beeres, Joseph Soeters and Ad Vogelaar Part I Setting the stage Brussels calling National politics under international pressure Jan van der Meulen and Mirjam Grandia Mantas Legitimizing the use of force Legal bases for operations Enduring Freedom and ISAF Paul Ducheine and Eric Pouw Getting there and back Organizing long-distance military logistics with customers in mind Ton van Kampen, Paul C. van Fenema and Tim Grant Part II Security Controlling the use of force Legal regimes Paul Ducheine and Eric Pouw Military ethics and Afghanistan Peter Olsthoorn and Desirée Verweij On your own in the desert The dynamics of self-steering leadership Ad Vogelaar and Sander Dalenberg Strain and stress Role ambiguity in an unfriendly environment Tessa Op den Buijs, Wendy Broesder and Marten Meijer The use of air power in Uruzgan Guus de Koster Vipers or tigers? Early Dutch special forces operations in Uruzgan Michiel de Weger Planning dilemmas in coalition operations Ton de Munnik and Martijn Kitzen Trust thy ally Multinational military cooperation in Uruzgan Joseph Soeters, Tom Bijlsma and Gijs van den Heuvel Part III Reconstruction Reconstruction through construction Julia Wijnmalen, Jasper Kremers and Edwin Dado Talking to strangers, learning to listen René Moelker and Michelle Schut Stimulating entrepreneurship in Uruzgan IDEA-officers focusing on private sector development in post-conflict environments Eric-Hans Kramer, Rosa Nelly Trevinyo-Rodríguez and Desirée Verweij Enhancing Uruzgani Governance The viability of a PRT’s civil-military network Mirjam Grandia Mantas, Myriame Bollen and Sebastiaan Rietjens Task Force Uruzgan and experimentation with organization design Eric-Hans Kramer, Erik De Waard and Miriam de Graaff Military engagement in civilian healthcare in Uruzgan An ethical perspective Myriame Bollen, Peter Olsthoorn, Sebastiaan Rietjens and Masood Khalil Part IV Evaluating Dutch Treat? Burden sharing in Afghanistan Marion Bogers, Robert Beeres and Irene Lubberman-Schrotenboer Taking stock The social construction of effectiveness Sebastiaan Rietjens, Joseph Soeters, Jacqueline Heeren-Bogers and Christiaan Davids It’s not over till it’s over Sharing memories at the home front Manon Andres and Natasja Rietveld Books and bikes Noises and voices of veterans Esmeralda Kleinreesink, René Moelker and Rudy Richardson Epilogue Looking back and moving on Joseph Soeters, Jan van der Meulen, Robert Beeres and Ad Vogelaar Contributors

Robert Beeres holds a PhD in administrative sciences from Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Currently, he is a Professor of Defence Economics at the Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy. His research interests include the economics of arms export controls, defence capabilities, performance management and burden sharing within the EU and NATO. Joseph Soeters is a professor of organization studies at the Netherlands Defence Academy and Tilburg University. Jan van der Meulen is associate professor of civil-military relations at the Netherlands Defence Academy, and professor by special appointment at Leiden University.

• List of figures and tables Introduction Among hosts, allies and opposing forces; the Dutch military in Uruzgan Jan van der Meulen, Robert Beeres, Joseph Soeters and Ad Vogelaar Part I Setting the stage Brussels calling National politics under international pressure Jan van der Meulen and Mirjam Grandia Mantas Legitimizing the use of force Legal bases for operations Enduring Freedom and ISAF Paul Ducheine and Eric Pouw Getting there and back Organizing long-distance military logistics with customers in mind Ton van Kampen, Paul C. van Fenema and Tim Grant Part II Security Controlling the use of force Legal regimes Paul Ducheine and Eric Pouw Military ethics and Afghanistan Peter Olsthoorn and Desirée Verweij On your own in the desert The dynamics of self-steering leadership Ad Vogelaar and Sander Dalenberg Strain and stress Role ambiguity in an unfriendly environment Tessa Op den Buijs, Wendy Broesder and Marten Meijer The use of air power in Uruzgan Guus de Koster Vipers or tigers? Early Dutch special forces operations in Uruzgan Michiel de Weger Planning dilemmas in coalition operations Ton de Munnik and Martijn Kitzen Trust thy ally Multinational military cooperation in Uruzgan Joseph Soeters, Tom Bijlsma and Gijs van den Heuvel Part III Reconstruction Reconstruction through construction Julia Wijnmalen, Jasper Kremers and Edwin Dado Talking to strangers, learning to listen René Moelker and Michelle Schut Stimulating entrepreneurship in Uruzgan IDEA-officers focusing on private sector development in post-conflict environments Eric-Hans Kramer, Rosa Nelly Trevinyo-Rodríguez and Desirée Verweij Enhancing Uruzgani Governance The viability of a PRT’s civil-military network Mirjam Grandia Mantas, Myriame Bollen and Sebastiaan Rietjens Task Force Uruzgan and experimentation with organization design Eric-Hans Kramer, Erik De Waard and Miriam de Graaff Military engagement in civilian healthcare in Uruzgan An ethical perspective Myriame Bollen, Peter Olsthoorn, Sebastiaan Rietjens and Masood Khalil Part IV Evaluating Dutch Treat? Burden sharing in Afghanistan Marion Bogers, Robert Beeres and Irene Lubberman-Schrotenboer Taking stock The social construction of effectiveness Sebastiaan Rietjens, Joseph Soeters, Jacqueline Heeren-Bogers and Christiaan Davids It’s not over till it’s over Sharing memories at the home front Manon Andres and Natasja Rietveld Books and bikes Noises and voices of veterans Esmeralda Kleinreesink, René Moelker and Rudy Richardson Epilogue Looking back and moving on Joseph Soeters, Jan van der Meulen, Robert Beeres and Ad Vogelaar Contributors