Dr Carol Ludwig is Honorary Research Fellow in Planning (Civic Design) at the University of Liverpool, UK. She is a Chartered Town Planner with professional experience working on heritage conservation planning in English Local Planning Authorities. She has also conducted research for World Heritage UK. Dr Linda Walton is Professor Emerita in the Department of History, Portland State University, United States, and Visiting Professor at the Yuelu Academy Research Institute, Hunan University, People’s Republic of China.Dr Yi-Wen Wang is Associate Professor in Urban Planning and Design, Department of Urban Planning & Design, at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China.

• Introduction: (Un)Authorised Heritage Discourse and Practice, Carol Ludwig & Linda Walton, SECTION 1. (RE)CONSTRUCTIONS, (RE)INVENTIONS, AND REPRESENTATIONS OF HERITAGE, 1.The Social Life of Heritage-Making: Cultural Representations and Frictions, Florence Graezer Bideau, 2. Confucian Academies and the Materialisation of Cultural Heritage, Linda Walton, 3. From Destruction to Reconstruction: China's Confucian Heritage, Nationalism, and National Identity, Yingjie Guo, 4.Set in Stone: Continuity and Omission in Possessive Representations of the Great Wall, Kristin Bayer, SECTION 2. CREATING IDENTITIES: CONSTRUCTING PASTS, DISSEMINATING HERITAGE, 5.Contemporary Fabrication of Pasts and the Creation of New Identities: Use of 'Open Air Museums/Historical Theme Parks' for Education and Tourism, Carol Ludwig & Yiwen Wang, 6.Creating Cultural Identity in China: Popularizing Archaeological Material and Cultural Heritage, Patrick Wertmann, 7.The Museum as Expression of Local Identity and Place: The Case of Nanjing, Kenny K.K. Ng, SECTION 3. HISTORY, NOSTALGIA AND HERITAGE: URBAN AND RURAL, 8. The Role of History, Nostalgia and Heritage in the Construction and Indigenisation of State-led Political and Economic Identities in Contemporary China, Andrew Law, 9.Local Voices and New Narratives in Xinye Village: The Economy of Nostalgia and Heritage,Marina Svensson, SECTION 4. APPROPRIATIONS AND COMMODIFICATIONS OF ETHNIC HERITAGE, 10.' Even if You Don't Want to Drink, You Still Have to Drink': The Yi and Alcohol in History and Heritage, Joseph Lawson, 11. 'Ethnic Heritage' on the New Frontier: The Idealisation and Commodification of Ethnic 'Otherness' in Xinjiang, Melissa Shani Brown & David O'Brien, Afterword: Historicising and Globalising the Heritage Turn in China, Carol Ludwig & Linda Walton, Index.