This book presents a comprehensive review, analysis and synthesis of the advances in nanoreactors and their innovative applications in sustainable energy, environmental, and biomedical processes. It begins with an overview of bioinspired materials and artificial devices, followed by a detailed explanation of the definition and basic structural characteristics of nanoreactors. It focuses on key synthetic strategies for controlling the size, composition, morphology, and functionalisation of nanoreactors. The distinctive structure-activity relationships, including spatial limiting effects, pore selective/confinement effects, and isolation-synergy effects of active species at a cross-scale level, are reviewed and thoroughly discussed. A range of innovative applications of nanoreactors in catalysis, biomedical separation and reactions, wastewater treatment, and energy conversion and storage is examined. Finally, major bottlenecks and challenges in structural optimization will be highlighted and future design schemes and research frontiers in this burgeoning field proposed.
