This book provides updated information to scientists and clinicians that is valuable in their quest to gather information, carry out new investigations, and develop novel research about sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism (SD) is the difference in morphology and physiology between sexes of the same species and it has been widely recognized as a very important risk factor in all diseases. Furthermore, SD can reflect the susceptibility associated with gender in human disease. This book should be of high priority to people interested in an update on sex differences in health and disease, and biological factors of risk, and explains the latest sex-associated factors for different types of diseases. It also delves into the advantage of modifying metabolism in order to obtain potential strategies for restoring the function of effector immune cells. Likewise, the book examines topics such as sex and cardiovascular disease, sex bias in immunity and immunity to infection and sex hormones cancer and autoimmunity. Additionally, it presents basic and clinical data of different diseases.