Kaori Komatsu is a historian teaching at the Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University (Tokyo). Her research interests include the social and economic history of the late Ottoman Empire; the history of the Ottoman Navy and maritime organization; Ottoman welfare policies, especially the pension system; and the history of relations between Japan and Turkey.Selçuk Akşin Somel is a retired historian previously teaching at Sabancı University Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (Istanbul). His research interests include nineteenth century Ottoman education; women and gender during Ottoman reform era; the relationship between the imperial center and peripheral populations; nationalism in the Balkans; biographies of Ottoman politicians. Kiyohiko Hasebe serves as an Expert Advisor to Japan’s Ministry of Education, contributing to the authorization of high school history textbooks. He teaches at Waseda University and other universities. His research focuses on Ottoman educational history, global education history, and the history of Japan–Turkey relations.Edhem Eldem is a historian of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, focusing on Ottoman funerary epigraphy, the development of an urban bourgeoisie in Istanbul, the history of the Imperial Ottoman Bank, the history of archaeology and photography in the Ottoman Empire, late Ottoman first-person narratives, Ottoman Westernization and Orientalism.

“There is no single blueprint for modernity. This book reframes the story of modernity in the context of the late Ottoman Empire. Confronting internal fractures and institutional strain, Ottoman reformers did not just mirror the West. They reshaped science, education, and state agencies to fit their own history and values. From military overhauls to early ideas of social welfare, Ottoman and later Turkish modernity was not just imported wholesale but also negotiated and created. This is an occasion for us to rethink modernity, and its many faces, each marked by local trials and challenges.”- Seyfi Kenan, Marmara University