Akira Namatame - Böcker

While the significance of networks in various human behavior and activities has a history as long as human's existence, network awareness is a recent scientific phenomenon. The neologism network science is just one or two decades old. Nevertheless, with this limited time, network thinking has substantially reshaped the recent development in economics, and almost all solutions to real-world problems involve the network element. This book integrates agent-based modeling and network science. It is divided into three parts, namely, foundations, primary dynamics on and of social networks, and applications. The authors begin with the network origin of agent-based models, known as cellular automata, and introduce a number of classic models, such as Schelling's segregation model and Axelrod's spatial game. The essence of the foundation part is the network-based agent-based models in which agents follow network-based decision rules. Under the influence of the substantial progress in network science in late 1990s, these models have been extended from using lattices into using small-world networks, scale-free networks, etc. The text also shows that the modern network science mainly driven by game-theorists and sociophysicists has inspired agent-based social scientists to develop alternative formation algorithms, known as agent-based social networks. It reviews a number of pioneering and representative models in this family. Upon the given foundation, the second part reviews three primary forms of network dynamics, such as diffusions, cascades, and influences. These primary dynamics are further extended and enriched by practical networks in goods-and-service markets, labor markets, and international trade. At the end, the book considers two challenging issues using agent-based models of networks: network risks and economic growth.

Understanding the mechanism of a socio-economic system requires more than an understanding of the individuals that comprise the system. It also requires understanding how individuals interact with each other, and how the agg- gated outcome can be more than the sum of individual behaviors. This book contains the papers fostering the formation of an active multi-disciplinary community on socio-economic systems with the exciting new ?elds of age- based modeling and econophysics. We especially intend to increase the awareness of researchers in many ?elds with sharing the common view many economic and social activities as collectives of a large-scale heterogeneous and interacting agents. Economists seek to understand not only how individuals behave but also how the interaction of many individuals leads to complex outcomes. Age- based modeling is a method for studying socio-economic systems exhibiting the following two properties: (1) the system is composed of interacting agents, and (2) the system exhibits emergent properties, that is, properties arising from the interactions of the agents that cannot be deduced simply by agg- gating the properties of the system’s components. When the interaction of the agents is contingent on past experience, and especially when the agents continually adapt to that experience, mathematical analysis is typically very limited in its ability to derive the outcome.

The Japanese Society for Arti?cial Intelligence (JSAI) was established in July 1986.Sincethen,wehaveheldconferenceseveryyear.AlthoughJSAIisthe second largest community in the world focusing on the area of Arti?cial - telligence and we have over 3,000 members, the importance of the research presented and discussions held at the annual conferences has not been fully recognized in the Arti?cial Intelligence communities elsewhere in the world, partlybecausemostpresentationsaremadeintheJapaneselanguage.T- refore, the program committee of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of JSAI decided to open the door to the world and hold international workshops - ring the conference on May 20th and 25th, 2001 in Matsue City, Japan. TheworkshopproposalsweregatheredfromthemembersofJSAI.We accepted the following up-to-date and exciting topics: 1) Social Intelligence DesignchairedbyProf.ToyoakiNishida,UniversityofTokyo,2)Agent-Based ApproachesinEconomicandSocialComplexSystemschairedbyProf.Akira Namatame, National Academy of Defense, 3) Rough Set Theory and Granular ComputingchairedbyProf.ShusakuTsumoto,ShimaneMedicalUniversity, 4)ChanceDiscoverychairedbyProf.YukioOsawa,and5)Challengein KnowledgeDiscoveryandDataMiningchairedbyProf.TakashiWashio, OsakaUniversity.Theseworkshopswerehighlywelcomeandsuccessful.A total of 116 people in Japan and 30 researchers from abroad participated in them. This volume of the proceedings contains selected papers presented at the workshops.Thecontentsofthevolumearedividedinto?veparts,eachof whichcorrespondstothetopicsoftheworkshops.Eachpaperwasstrictly reviewedbythecommitteemembersoftheworkshops.Theyalsocoverrecent divergentareasofarti?cialintelligence.Webelievethatthevolumeishighly useful for both researchers and practitioners who have interests in recent advances in arti?cial intelligence. October 2001 TakaoTerano JSAIWorkshopsasInternationalTrends Looking at the current economic, political, and ecological situations, we - come aware of the dynamic environment surrounding all human activities. Hand in hand, the expansion of the World Wide Web is activating the whole globe as an information system including humans, computers, and networks.

The study of intelligence emerged from interactions among agents has been popular. In this study it is recognized that a network structure of the agents plays an important role. The current state-of-the art in agent-based modeling tends to be a mass of agents that have a series of states that they can express as a result of the network structure in which they are embedded. Agent interactions of all kinds are usually structured with complex networks. The idea of combining multi-agent systems and complex networks is also particularly rich and fresh to foster the research on the study of very large-scale multi-agent systems. Yet our tools to model, understand, and predict dynamic agent interactions and their behavior on complex networks have lagged far behind. Even recent progress in network modeling has not yet offered us any capability to model dynamic processes among agents who interact at all scales on complex networks. This book is based on communications given at the Workshop on Emergent Intelligence of Networked Agents (WEIN 06) at the Fifth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems (AAMAS 2006), which was held at Future University, Hakodate, Japan, from May 8 to 12, 2006. WEIN 06 was especially intended to increase the awareness of researchers in these two fields sharing the common view on combining agent-based modeling and complex networks in order to develop insight and foster predictive methodologies in studying emergent intelligenceon of networked agents. From the broad spectrum of activities, leading experts presented important paper and numerous practical problems appear throughout this book. The papers contained in this book are concerned with emergence of intelligent behaviors over networked agents and fostering the formation of an active multi-disciplinary community on multi-agent systems and complex networks.

Artificial evolutionary systems are computer systems, inspired by ideas from natural evolution and related phenomena. The field has a long history, dating back to the earliest days of computer science, but it has only become an established scientific and engineering discipline since the 1990s, with packages for the commonest form, genetic algorithms, now widely available.Researchers in the Asia-Pacific region have participated strongly in the development of evolutionary systems, with a particular emphasis on the evolution of intelligent solutions to highly complex problems. The Asia-Pacific Symposia on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems have been an important contributor to this growth in impact, since 1997 providing an annual forum for exchange and dissemination of ideas. Participants come primarily from East Asia and the Western Pacific, but contributions are welcomed from around the World.This volume features a selection of fourteen of the best papers from recent APSIES. They illustrate the breadth of research in the region, with applications ranging from business to medicine, from network optimization to the promotion of innovation.

The study of intelligence emerged from interactions among agents has been popular. In this study it is recognized that a network structure of the agents plays an important role. The current state-of-the art in agent-based modeling tends to be a mass of agents that have a series of states that they can express as a result of the network structure in which they are embedded. Agent interactions of all kinds are usually structured with complex networks. The idea of combining multi-agent systems and complex networks is also particularly rich and fresh to foster the research on the study of very large-scale multi-agent systems. Yet our tools to model, understand, and predict dynamic agent interactions and their behavior on complex networks have lagged far behind. Even recent progress in network modeling has not yet offered us any capability to model dynamic processes among agents who interact at all scales on complex networks. This book is based on communications given at the Workshop on Emergent Intelligence of Networked Agents (WEIN 06) at the Fifth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems (AAMAS 2006), which was held at Future University, Hakodate, Japan, from May 8 to 12, 2006. WEIN 06 was especially intended to increase the awareness of researchers in these two fields sharing the common view on combining agent-based modeling and complex networks in order to develop insight and foster predictive methodologies in studying emergent intelligenceon of networked agents. From the broad spectrum of activities, leading experts presented important paper and numerous practical problems appear throughout this book. The papers contained in this book are concerned with emergence of intelligent behaviors over networked agents and fostering the formation of an active multi-disciplinary community on multi-agent systems and complex networks.

Artificial evolutionary systems are computer systems, inspired by ideas from natural evolution and related phenomena. The field has a long history, dating back to the earliest days of computer science, but it has only become an established scientific and engineering discipline since the 1990s, with packages for the commonest form, genetic algorithms, now widely available.Researchers in the Asia-Pacific region have participated strongly in the development of evolutionary systems, with a particular emphasis on the evolution of intelligent solutions to highly complex problems. The Asia-Pacific Symposia on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems have been an important contributor to this growth in impact, since 1997 providing an annual forum for exchange and dissemination of ideas. Participants come primarily from East Asia and the Western Pacific, but contributions are welcomed from around the World.This volume features a selection of fourteen of the best papers from recent APSIES. They illustrate the breadth of research in the region, with applications ranging from business to medicine, from network optimization to the promotion of innovation.

Self-contained and unified in presentation, this invaluable book provides a broad introduction to the fascinating subject of many-body collective systems with adapting and evolving agents. The coverage includes game theoretic systems, multi-agent systems, and large-scale socio-economic systems of individual optimizing agents. The diversity and scope of such systems have been steadily growing in computer science, economics, social sciences, physics, and biology.