Alexander Werth – författare

The Siege of Leningrad is the most powerful testimony to the immeasurable cruelty and horror of World War II. From 1941-1945, the Eastern Front was the site of some of the bloodiest atrocities of the war and the city of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, proved to be a decisive point in the conflict. German policy was resolutely determined to redraw the map of Europe, annihilate the Soviet Union and give large areas of territory to Finland. Through Hitler's ambition to completely eradicate the city and its entire population, it was decided that the most efficient method of invasion was to encircle and bombard the city into submission. After 872 days of aggression, one and a half million people lost their lives, mostly from starvation. As the sole British correspondent to have been in Leningrad during the blockade, Alexander Werth's eyewitness account presents a harrowing perspective on the savagery and destruction wrought by the Nazis against the civilian population of the city.His writing evokes compelling images of terror - the oil bombing of children's hospitals, mass starvation and cannibalism - with rich and sophisticated commentary on the internal politics of Soviet party chiefs, soldiers and civilian resistance fighters. Both an authoritative historical document and a journalistic re-telling of the overwhelming sadness, grief and futility of 20th century warfare, this is an invaluable look at one of the greatest losses of human life in recorded history.

The Siege of Leningrad is the most powerful testimony to the immeasurable cruelty and horror of World War II. From 1941-1945, the Eastern Front was the site of some of the bloodiest atrocities of the war and the city of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, proved to be a decisive point in the conflict. German policy was resolutely determined to redraw the map of Europe, annihilate the Soviet Union and give large areas of territory to Finland. Through Hitler's ambition to completely eradicate the city and its entire population, it was decided that the most efficient method of invasion was to encircle and bombard the city into submission. After 872 days of aggression, one and a half million people lost their lives, mostly from starvation. As the sole British correspondent to have been in Leningrad during the blockade, Alexander Werth's eyewitness account presents a harrowing perspective on the savagery and destruction wrought by the Nazis against the civilian population of the city.His writing evokes compelling images of terror - the oil bombing of children's hospitals, mass starvation and cannibalism - with rich and sophisticated commentary on the internal politics of Soviet party chiefs, soldiers and civilian resistance fighters. Both an authoritative historical document and a journalistic re-telling of the overwhelming sadness, grief and futility of 20th century warfare, this is an invaluable look at one of the greatest losses of human life in recorded history.

The Siege of Leningrad is the most powerful testimony to the immeasurable cruelty and horror of World War II. From 1941-1945, the Eastern Front was the site of some of the bloodiest atrocities of the war and the city of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, proved to be a decisive point in the conflict. German policy was resolutely determined to redraw the map of Europe, annihilate the Soviet Union and give large areas of territory to Finland. Through Hitler's ambition to completely eradicate the city and its entire population, it was decided that the most efficient method of invasion was to encircle and bombard the city into submission. After 872 days of aggression, one and a half million people lost their lives, mostly from starvation. As the sole British correspondent to have been in Leningrad during the blockade, Alexander Werth's eyewitness account presents a harrowing perspective on the savagery and destruction wrought by the Nazis against the civilian population of the city.His writing evokes compelling images of terror - the oil bombing of children's hospitals, mass starvation and cannibalism - with rich and sophisticated commentary on the internal politics of Soviet party chiefs, soldiers and civilian resistance fighters. Both an authoritative historical document and a journalistic re-telling of the overwhelming sadness, grief and futility of 20th century warfare, this is an invaluable look at one of the greatest losses of human life in recorded history.

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (1894-1971) was a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958-1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev’s party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.Originally published in 1961, “concerns what I call the Khrushchev phase, rather than the Khrushchev epoch. An “epoch” suggests something complete, with clearly-defined limits and contours, and sharply-marked characteristics. A “phase,” especially one still in progress, is something much more fluid. During these years, dominated by Khrushchev, the most changeable, most empirical and sometimes most unpredictable of Soviet leaders, Russia continues to be in a state of flux and transition.” (Author’s Note)The book is a political and cultural analysis of Khrushchev’s Russia and its relations with the West, and particularly with the United States.“From inside the Iron Curtain…a very human portrayal.”—The Times, London

One of the basic grammatical categories in linguistics is the phonological word. But how are words made up in terms of their sounds? And how is the information on the sound structure of words used in the processing of words? The multidimensionality of the phonological word relates it to semantics, morphology, phonology and syntax. It is nevertheless a category that has only been an object of serious study since the prosodic turn in phonology and thus cannot be considered an established category of grammatical description. This volume brings together scholars interested in the complex relations of the phonological word, applying different empirical approaches.

Im Deutschen gibt es eine ganze Reihe sprachlicher Phänomene, die eine Redundanz dahingehend aufweisen, dass scheinbar gleiche grammatische Funktionen formal mehrfach kodiert werden. Dies ist z. B. beim Definitartikel am (inhärent definiten) Personennamen der Fall ("der Peter", "die Merkel"), der Thema dieses Buches ist. Mittels qualitativer und quantitativer Datenanalyse wird untersucht, in welchen Verwendungskontexten der Artikel bei Personennamen in den historischen und rezenten Varietäten des Deutschen wie häufig auftritt und welche Funktionen er dabei erfüllt. Zentraler Befund ist, dass der onymische Artikel hier varietätenabhängig unterschiedliche sprachliche Funktionen zum Ausdruck bringt. Diachron zeigen sich die Unterschiede in den Funktionsweisen in einer zunehmenden Generalisierung und Entpragmatisierung der Artikelverwendung, wie sie in ähnlicher Weise auch für die Grammatikalisierung des Definitartikels im Deutschen angenommen wird. Diatopisch haben wir es hingegen aus der Perspektive des Sprachgebrauchs mit einem strikten Gegensatz von pragmatischer und syntaktischer Artikelverwendung zu tun, der in den Bewertungen der Sprachteilnehmer/innen allerdings nicht konsequent aufrechterhalten wird.

Im Deutschen gibt es eine ganze Reihe sprachlicher Phänomene, die eine Redundanz dahingehend aufweisen, dass scheinbar gleiche grammatische Funktionen formal mehrfach kodiert werden. Dies ist z. B. beim Definitartikel am (inhärent definiten) Personennamen der Fall ("der Peter", "die Merkel"), der Thema dieses Buches ist. Mittels qualitativer und quantitativer Datenanalyse wird untersucht, in welchen Verwendungskontexten der Artikel bei Personennamen in den historischen und rezenten Varietäten des Deutschen wie häufig auftritt und welche Funktionen er dabei erfüllt. Zentraler Befund ist, dass der onymische Artikel hier varietätenabhängig unterschiedliche sprachliche Funktionen zum Ausdruck bringt. Diachron zeigen sich die Unterschiede in den Funktionsweisen in einer zunehmenden Generalisierung und Entpragmatisierung der Artikelverwendung, wie sie in ähnlicher Weise auch für die Grammatikalisierung des Definitartikels im Deutschen angenommen wird. Diatopisch haben wir es hingegen aus der Perspektive des Sprachgebrauchs mit einem strikten Gegensatz von pragmatischer und syntaktischer Artikelverwendung zu tun, der in den Bewertungen der Sprachteilnehmer/innen allerdings nicht konsequent aufrechterhalten wird.

Im Deutschen gibt es eine ganze Reihe sprachlicher Phänomene, die eine Redundanz dahingehend aufweisen, dass scheinbar gleiche grammatische Funktionen formal mehrfach kodiert werden. Dies ist z. B. beim Definitartikel am (inhärent definiten) Personennamen der Fall ("der Peter", "die Merkel"), der Thema dieses Buches ist. Mittels qualitativer und quantitativer Datenanalyse wird untersucht, in welchen Verwendungskontexten der Artikel bei Personennamen in den historischen und rezenten Varietäten des Deutschen wie häufig auftritt und welche Funktionen er dabei erfüllt. Zentraler Befund ist, dass der onymische Artikel hier varietätenabhängig unterschiedliche sprachliche Funktionen zum Ausdruck bringt. Diachron zeigen sich die Unterschiede in den Funktionsweisen in einer zunehmenden Generalisierung und Entpragmatisierung der Artikelverwendung, wie sie in ähnlicher Weise auch für die Grammatikalisierung des Definitartikels im Deutschen angenommen wird. Diatopisch haben wir es hingegen aus der Perspektive des Sprachgebrauchs mit einem strikten Gegensatz von pragmatischer und syntaktischer Artikelverwendung zu tun, der in den Bewertungen der Sprachteilnehmer/innen allerdings nicht konsequent aufrechterhalten wird.

This volume offers several empirical, methodological, and theoretical approaches to the study of observable variation within individuals on various linguistic levels. With a focus on German varieties, the chapters provide answers on the following questions (inter alia):Which linguistic and extra-linguistic factors explain intra-individual variation? Is there observable intra-individual variation that cannot be explained by linguistic and extra-linguistic factors? Can group-level results be generalised to individual language usage and vice versa? Is intra-individual variation indicative of actual patterns of language change? How can intra-individual variation be examined in historical data?Consequently, the various theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches in this volume offer a better understanding of the meaning of intra-individual variation for patterns of language development, language variation and change.The inter- and transdisciplinary nature of the volume is an exciting new frontier, and the results of the studies in this book provide a wealth of new findings as well as challenges to some of the existing findings and assumptions regarding the nature of intra-individual variation.

This volume offers several empirical, methodological, and theoretical approaches to the study of observable variation within individuals on various linguistic levels. With a focus on German varieties, the chapters provide answers on the following questions (inter alia):Which linguistic and extra-linguistic factors explain intra-individual variation? Is there observable intra-individual variation that cannot be explained by linguistic and extra-linguistic factors? Can group-level results be generalised to individual language usage and vice versa? Is intra-individual variation indicative of actual patterns of language change? How can intra-individual variation be examined in historical data?Consequently, the various theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches in this volume offer a better understanding of the meaning of intra-individual variation for patterns of language development, language variation and change.The inter- and transdisciplinary nature of the volume is an exciting new frontier, and the results of the studies in this book provide a wealth of new findings as well as challenges to some of the existing findings and assumptions regarding the nature of intra-individual variation.