Christian von Bar – författare

This awe-inspiring book is the first of a two volume treatise on the law of non-contractual obligations. The result of a unique attempt to discover the common elements of the law of torts of all the member states of the European Union, it is founded on the belief that the approximation of European laws should not be left to the directives and regulations of Brussels alone. The first task of such a project is to determine to what extent a jus commune europaeum already exists. To this end, von Bar has undertaken a thorough, detailed and extensive analysis of the relevant court rulings and academic writings of all the jurisdictions of the European Union to distill a European common law of torts. The insights gained from the comparative analysis also offer a guidance to greater harmonisation in the future. The material covered in volume one includes: the areas of application of tort law and its boundaries with contract, property, criminal and constitutional law; the elements of liability under the general clauses of the European civil codes and the more specific torts of the common law. Further topics include: strict liability, liability for other persons, animals and premises; multiple tortfeasors; and an account of European Union and Council of Europe attempts to harmonise the less coherent areas of tort law. Von Bar's book is destined to become a landmark in the area of comparative law in general, and comparative torts in particular. From the author's preface The attempt undertaken here to draw up a system of a common European law of torts is an orthodox treatise on the non-contractual law of obligations. This book displays distinctive features only in so far as its material stems from all the laws of tort within the European Union. It seemed possible to understand and portray each tort law as merely a national manifestation of a single discipline. For, although different legal practices which have each grown naturally in their own environment do occasionally lead to different results, they can be dealt with in the same way as a single legal system in which a lawyer has to find his way through a variety of opinions. The person who looks, not only at his own, but also surrounding laws, broadens the range of possible debate. In writing about different laws he undertakes work fundamentally no different from that on his own legal system, so long as the systems are equal in their basic values, in the quality of their legal method, and have continuously learned from each other. This is the case in the countries of the European Union, and it is therefore possible to condense their different national laws to a common European law of torts (or delict). To try to understand its structures does not mean leaving distinctive features of individual nations out of consideration. Without an understanding of their effectiveness and their elegance, the treasure of judicial knowledge, which distinguishes European private law, will not be appreciated. However, to think in a European fashion firstly means stressing the common characteristics, secondly, learning to understand national laws as reactions to developments in neighbouring countries, and thirdly, tackling historical coincidences and rough edges European politics is not our primary concern, and the question whether reflections on common European private law can flow into a general law, that is to say into an extensive unification of law in the fashion of a Civil Code, is altogether a cura posterior. The challenge is to identify how the sixteen systems actually function, not how they would function were they united in one system. we are portraying here, not a single national law in comparison with other laws, rather we have chosen from the start a European standpoint; European meaning the states of the European Union

This book is the second of a two-volume treatise on the law of non-contractual obligations. The result of a unique attempt to discover the common elements of the law of torts of all the member states of the EU, it is founded on the belief that the approximation of European laws should not be left to the directives and regulations of Brussels alone. To this end, von Bar has undertaken a thorough detailed analysis of the relevant court rulings and academic writings of all the jurisdictions of the European Union to distil a common European law of torts. The insights gained from the comparative analysis also offer a guidance to greater harmonization in the future. This second volume commences with a chapter on loss, damage, and damages, before proceeding with a detailed analysis of liability for breach of duty. This third chapter is devoted to strict liability, the fourth to causation and remoteness of damage, and the fifth to general defences.

Foundations of Property Law: Things as Objects of Property Rights is an abridged translation of the first volume of Christian von Bar's Gemeineuropäisches Sachenrecht -a milestone in European private law theory, and in comparative property law more broadly. Radical in content and scope, the English version examines the dynamics of interaction between the objects, contents, and holders of property. The conceptual framework of 'property law' is presented as a domain of erga omnes monopoly rights that govern the relationship between persons and objects of value. Within that framework, a reciprocal relationship is illustrated between "property rights" and their objects; property rights play a role in constituting the very objects ("things") in which they are held. With comprehensive comparative analysis, insights are gleaned from all the jurisdictions of the European Union and the United Kingdom, presenting a critical evaluation of property law systems in both Common and Civil Law traditions. This book joins all the national legal systems in a single inquiry, treating their traditions and arguments with the respect they deserve and taking advantage of the knowledge embodied in the diversity of European private law. A scholastic work, offering deep and unique insights into the European property law systems, Foundations of Property Law will quickly become a go-to resource for anyone interested in European private law and comparative property law.

Foundations of Property Law: Things as Objects of Property Rights is an abridged translation of the first volume of Christian von Bar''s Gemeineuropäisches Sachenrecht -a milestone in European private law theory, and in comparative property law more broadly. Radical in content and scope, the English version examines the dynamics of interaction between the objects, contents, and holders of property. The conceptual framework of ''property law'' is presented as a domain of erga omnes monopoly rights that govern the relationship between persons and objects of value. Within that framework, a reciprocal relationship is illustrated between "property rights" and their objects; property rights play a role in constituting the very objects ("things") in which they are held. With comprehensive comparative analysis, insights are gleaned from all the jurisdictions of the European Union and the United Kingdom, presenting a critical evaluation of property law systems in both Common and Civil Law traditions. This book joins all the national legal systems in a single inquiry, treating their traditions and arguments with the respect they deserve and taking advantage of the knowledge embodied in the diversity of European private law. A scholastic work, offering deep and unique insights into the European property law systems, Foundations of Property Law will quickly become a go-to resource for anyone interested in European private law and comparative property law.

Foundations of Property Law: Things as Objects of Property Rights is an abridged translation of the first volume of Christian von Bar''s Gemeineuropäisches Sachenrecht -a milestone in European private law theory, and in comparative property law more broadly. Radical in content and scope, the English version examines the dynamics of interaction between the objects, contents, and holders of property. The conceptual framework of ''property law'' is presented as a domain of erga omnes monopoly rights that govern the relationship between persons and objects of value. Within that framework, a reciprocal relationship is illustrated between "property rights" and their objects; property rights play a role in constituting the very objects ("things") in which they are held. With comprehensive comparative analysis, insights are gleaned from all the jurisdictions of the European Union and the United Kingdom, presenting a critical evaluation of property law systems in both Common and Civil Law traditions. This book joins all the national legal systems in a single inquiry, treating their traditions and arguments with the respect they deserve and taking advantage of the knowledge embodied in the diversity of European private law. A scholastic work, offering deep and unique insights into the European property law systems, Foundations of Property Law will quickly become a go-to resource for anyone interested in European private law and comparative property law.

The Study Group on a European Civil Code has taken upon itself the task of drafting common European principles for the most important aspects of the law of obligations and for certain parts of the law of property in movables which are especially relevant for the functioning of the common market.Like the Commission on European Contract Law's Principles of European Contract Law, the results of the research conducted by the Study Group on a European Civil Code seek to advance the process of Europeanisation of private law. Among other topics the series tackles sales and service contracts, distribution contracts and security rights, renting contracts and loan agreements, negotiorum gestio, delicts and unjustified enrichment law, transfer of property, and trust law.The principles furnish each of the national jurisdictions a grid reference. They can be agreed upon by the parties within the framework of the rules of private international law. They may provide a stimulus to both the national and European legislator for moulding private law. Beyond this, they aim to further discussion about the creation of a European Civil Code, or a Common Frame of Reference in the area of patrimonial law, by submitting a concrete model.The Principles of European Law are published in co-operation with Bruylant (Belgium), Sellier (Germany) and Staempfli Publishers Ltd. (Switzerland).

The Study Group on a European Civil Code has taken upon itself the task of drafting common European principles for the most important aspects of the law of obligations and for certain parts of the law of property in movables which are especially relevant for the functioning of the common market. Like the Commission on European Contract Law's Principles of European Contract Law, the results of the research conducted by the Study Group on a European Civil Code seek to advance the process of Europeanisation of private law. Among other topics the series tackles sales and service contracts, distribution contracts and security rights, renting contracts and loan agreements, negotiorum gestio, delicts and unjustified enrichment law, transfer of property, and trust law. The principles furnish each of the national jurisdictions a grid reference. They can be agreed upon by the parties within the framework of the rules of private international law. They may provide a stimulus to both the national and European legislator for moulding private law. Beyond this, they aim to further discussion about the creation of a European Civil Code, or a Common Frame of Reference in the area of patrimonial law, by submitting a concrete model. The Principles of European Law are published in co-operation with Bruylant (Belgium), Sellier. European Law Publishers (Germany), Staempfli Publishers Ltd. (Switzerland).

Bei fast allen internationalen Handelsverträgen sind die Vertragspartner im Laufe der Vertragsabwicklung mit Auslegungsfragen konfrontiert. Die Autorin untersucht, inwieweit es hierfür bereits international anerkannte, einheitliche Auslegungsregeln gibt. Sie stellt die Auslegungsregeln der UNIDROIT Principles, der Principles of European Contract Law, des Uniform Commercial Code und des deutschen Rechts umfassend dar und arbeitet deren Unterschiede heraus. Besondere Bedeutung wird der Anwendung anerkannter Auslegungsgrundsätze in der Rechtswirklichkeit der Gerichte beigemessen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, welche Auslegungsgrundsätze für internationale Handelsgeschäfte geeignet sind. Die Autorin unterbreitet Vorschläge zur Ausgestaltung einheitlicher Regeln und überprüft diese an Praxisbeispielen.

Ist eine Zivilprozesspartei auf sich im Ausland befindende Beweise angewiesen, kann sie dort ein selbständiges Beweisverfahren einleiten.Diese Arbeit untersucht das US-amerikanische Verfahren nach 28 USC 1782(a). Es ermöglicht Parteien von im Ausland stattfindenden Prozessen, nach den Regeln des US-Prozessrechts in den USA Beweise zu erheben. Weitere ausländische Beweisverfahren werden exemplarisch untersucht.Die Kosten des Beweisverfahrens können beim Hauptprozess erstattungsfähig sein, das Verfahren kann sich auf die Verjährung auswirken. Schließlich stellt sich die Frage, ob aus den Unterschieden zwischen deutschem und ausländischem Beweisrecht ein Verwertungsverbot für die im Ausland erlangten Beweise folgt.

In all legal systems of the European Union the law of contract and the law of tort form the main pillars of the law of obligations. Legal history and comparative law show, however, that it is not possible to cope with these two bodies of rules alone – even if their scope of application is generously conceived. Another part of the law of obligations, alongside the law of unjustified enrichment, which to some extent lies “between” contract and tort and fills the gaps that those areas of the law leave behind, is subject of this Book. The Study Group on a European Civil Code has drafted Principles relating to the unsolicited and voluntary undertaking of another’s affairs on the basis of a reasonable ground for intervention: “Principles of European Law: Benevolent Intervention in Another’s Affairs”.

A year ago, the "Draft Common Frame of Reference" was published for the first time in an interim outline edition. Now we proudly present the final outline edition of the DCFR.

- revision of the already published text to take account of the public discussion- major new topics covered- an additional section on the principles underlying the model rules- revised and expanded list of definitions

The six-volume full edition of the DCFR including all comments and notes will be published in October 2009.

Against the background of the creation of an EU-wide frame of reference for private law relevant to the Common Market, this study, which was requested by the EU Commission, analyses the dovetailing between contract and tort law on the one hand, and between contract and property law on the other.

The study examines the legal orders of almost all the Member States of the EU, illustrates the differences between contractual and non-contractual liability and evaluates the different systems of the transfer of property, of movable and immovable securities as well as trust law. The study comes to the conclusion that the intensive considerations on the creation of a model-law in the area of European private law do not allow these thoughts to be limited to contract law. Such a limitation to the scope of the regarding of this area would probably cause more problems than it would solve, or at any rate not do justice to the needs of the Common Market.

"Non-contractual liability arising out of damage caused to another" is one of the three main non-contractual obligations dealt with in the DCFR.

The law of non-contractual liability arising out of damage caused to another (in the Common Law known as tort law or the law of torts, but in most other jurisdictions referred to as the law of delict) is the area of law which determines whether one who has suffered a damage can on that account demand reparation (in money or in kind) from another with whom there may be no other legal connection than the causation of damage itself. Besides determining the scope and extent of responsibility for dangers of one''s own or another''s creation, this field of law serves to protect fundamental rights in the private law domain, that is to say horizontally between citizens inter se. Based on pan-European comparative research which annotates the work, this volume presents model rules on liability. Explanatory comments and illustrations amplify the policy decisions involved.

During the drafting process, comparative material from over 25 different EU jurisdictions has been taken into account. The work therefore is not only a presentation of a future model for European rules to come but provides also a fairly detailed indication of the present legal situation in the Member States.

"Unjustified enrichment" is one of the three main non-contractual obligations dealt with in the DCFR.

In recent years unjustified enrichment has been one of the most intellectually animated areas of private law. In an area of law whose territory is still partially uncharted and whose boundaries are contested, this volume of Principles of European Law will be invaluable for academic analysis of the law and its development by the courts.

During the drafting process, comparative material from over 25 different EU jurisdictions has been taken into account. The work therefore is not only a presentation of a future model for European rules to come but provides also a fairly detailed indication of the present legal situation in the Member States.

Hier finden Sie alles zum ausländischen Privat- und Privatverfahrensrecht systematisch nachgewiesen: Was gibt es in deutscher Sprache zum Erbrecht in Kanada, zum Gesellschaftsrecht in China, zum Arbeitsrecht in Katar? Das "Ausländische Privat- und Privatverfahrensrecht in deutscher Sprache" weist, systematisch nach Ländern und Rechtsgebieten aufgeschlüsselt, Schrifttum, Gutachten und Gerichtsentscheidungen seit 1990 zu allen privatrechtlichen Rechtsgebieten nach.

Sie kommen also, wenn Sie mit Fällen mit Auslandsbezug betraut sind, an diesem einzigartigen Werk nicht vorbei: Von Afghanistan bis Zypern umfasst der Band ca. 43.000 Fundstellen zu 268 Rechts- und Teilrechtsordnungen. Das Werk ist sowohl in gedruckter als auch in elektronischer Form erhältlich.

Nutzen Sie jetzt die Vorteile einer regelmäßigen und automatischen Aktualisierung des Werks als Fortsetzungsedition: Die Nachweise werden regelmäßig für Sie auf den neuesten Stand gebracht, so dass Sie stets von aktuellen Inhalten profitieren.

Bestellen Sie Ihren Abo-Zugang zum Fortsetzungswerk zum Preis von 149 € jährlich unter degruyter@de.rhenus.com, beim Verlag unter info@sellier.de oder bei Ihrem Buchhändler!

Stockholm Centre for Commercial Law (SCCL) arranged a meeting in Stockholm on 23–24 October 2009 following the Swedish presidency CFR conference, which was held in Stockholm on 22–23 October and organized by the Swedish government. The topic at the meeting was to discuss a proposal from Professor Christian von Bar and Professor Hans Schulte-Nölke, on how to continue the important work conducted by, inter alia, the Study Group on a European Civil Code and the Acquis Group. The continuance of this work could be organized by establishing either a European Law Forum or an informal organisation. The form for this continued work has, for some considerable time, been the subject of lively discussions amongst those interested.

This publication contains writings concerning the themes presented and discussed during the meeting. Many of the leading experts in the field attended the meeting.

Table of Contents Does business want a Common Frame of Reference? Paul Abbiati

Is the Draft Frame of Reference compatible with the Position of the Council? - How should the Academic Research be continued? Christian von Bar

Topic 2: The Content of the political CFR – how to prioritise Hugh Beale

Discours d’ouverture, conférence « un cadre commun de référence pour le droit européen des contrats » Jean-Marie Bockel

Do we need specifically European optional instruments for international business transactions? Michael Joachim Bonell

Why the “optional instrument” is not our option Tomáš Břicháček

Informations d’ordre général sur le travail de la Commission relatif au cadre de Référence, ainsi que la voie à suivre Alain Brun

The relationship between the Political frame of reference (PFR) and the consumer acquis Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson

Some Aspects on the Position of the CCBE on the DCFR Friedrich Graf von Westphalen

The Common Frame of Reference as a basis for future harmonisation of the law of sale and lease of goods Johnny Herre

A Plea for a Binding Instrument Ole Lando

Erwartungen an den politischen Referenzrahmen Klaus-Heiner Lehne

The results of the discussions in the Council and the future political work with the frame of reference Tanja Rasmusson

Drafting new model rules on sales: CFR as an alternative to the CISG? Ingeborg Schwenzer & Pascal Hachem

Do we need a codification? Leif Sevón

Is non-contractual liability arising out of damage caused to another a natural part of a political frame of reference? Lena Sisula-Tulokas

The (Draft) Common Frame of Reference as a toolbox and as a basis for an optional instrument Matthias E. Storme

Common Frame of Reference and UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts: Coexistence, Competition, or Overkill of Soft Law? Stefan Vogenauer

Mit diesem zweiten Band schließen Christian von Bar und H. Peter Dopffel ihre Edition und Übersetzung von Schlüsseltexten des deutschen Internationalen Privatrechts zwischen den Jahren 1500 und 1700 ab. Dieser Zeitraum gehört zu dem Teil der Geschichte des deutschen Internationalen Privatrechts, über den bislang besonders wenig bekannt war. Es handelt sich um die erste Blüte der sogenannten Statutentheorie, deren Methode und praktische Wirkungsweise bis heute, obwohl sie das Feld über Jahrhunderte beherrschte, noch immer Rätsel aufgibt. Auch die (angebliche) IPR-Revolution, die in den USA ihren Ausgangspunkt nahm, weist in ihrem Kern viele Bezüge zur mittelalterlichen Statutentheorie auf. Sie spielt auf diese Weise auch heute noch in der Diskussion um das Internationale Privatrecht eine große Rolle. Einige der hier versammelten Autoren (Samuel Stryk, Heinrich v. Cocceji und Johann Nikolaus Hert) haben zwar das 18. Jahrhundert noch erlebt, sind jedoch ganz eindeutig zu der Generation unmittelbar nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg zu zählen. Mit ihnen endet die Blütezeit der deutschen Statutentheoretiker; Johann N. Hert gerät schon unter den verstärkten niederländischen Einfluß, der im frühen 18. Jahrhundert ausschlaggebend geworden sein dürfte. Im übrigen sind, wie im Vorwort zum ersten Band bereits angekündigt, mit Matthias Coler und Ernst Cothmann auch noch einmal Autoren des 16. Jahrhunderts präsent. Matthias Berlich, Benedict Carpzov und Wolfgang Adam Lauterbach sind Bindeglieder zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen.

Der akademische Entwurf des Gemeinsamen Referenzrahmens (DCFR) steht derzeit im Mittelpunkt lebhafter wissenschaftlicher und politischer Kontroversen. Mit seinen Grundlagen, Kerngebieten und Zielen setzen sich in diesem Band maßgebliche Vertreter unterschiedlicher Sichtweisen der deutschen Privatrechtswissenschaft auseinander. Sie waren im Juli 2008 zu "Tagen des Europäischen Rechts" zusammengekommen, um den Entwurf im Dialog vor dessen Kritikern und Autoren zu evaluieren. In ihren Beiträgen befassen sie sich mit übergreifenden Fragen wie dem Verhältnis von Gemeinschaftsrecht, Rechtsvergleichung und Rechtspolitik im Entwurf des Referenzrahmens, dessen Ausrichtung auf ein europäisches Vertragsrecht, Schuldrecht oder Vermögensrecht und dessen Bedeutung für die künftige europäische Gesetzgebung. Eingehende Einzeluntersuchungen analysieren die Hauptteile des Entwurfs: Vertragsschluss, Rechtsbehelfe bei Nichterfüllung, Informationspflichten, Kaufrecht, Deliktsrecht und Bereicherungsrecht.Der Band verbindet damit den Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion um den Gemeinsamen Referenzrahmen mit der vertieften Auseinandersetzung mit zentralen Gegenständen des Europäischen Privatrechts.

Der vorliegende Tagungsband versammelt die Ergebnisse der 4. Konferenz deutschsprachiger Juristen in Ostasien, die 2019 an der Chungnam-Universität in Daejeon (Korea) stattfand. Enthalten sind Beiträge zum Verfassungsrecht und Privatrecht in Bezug auf Deutschland und auf Europa, vor allem aber spannungsvolle und informative Analysen aus Süd-Korea, Taiwan, Japan, der Volksrepublik China, der Mongolei und Vietnam. Die deutschsprachigen Autoren aus Ostasien gehen von der Verfassungslage und ihren Vorbildern aus und widmen sich dann der Umsetzung in der politischen Praxis und der Rechtsprechung. Es folgen parallele Analysen zum Zivilrecht dieser Länder. Defizite kommen dabei ebenso zur Sprache wie Aussichten auf künftige Entwicklungen.