Christoph Levin – författare

In ancient Israelite literature Exile is seen as a central turning point within the course of the history of Israel. In these texts “the Exile” is a central ideological concept. It serves to explain the destruction of the monarchic polities and the social and economic disasters associated with them in terms that YHWH punished Israel/Judah for having abandoned his ways. As it develops an image of an unjust Israel, it creates one of a just deity. But YHWH is not only imagined as just, but also as loving and forgiving, for the exile is presented as a transitory state: Exile is deeply intertwined with its discursive counterpart, the certain “Return”. As the Exile comes to be understood as a necessary purification or preparation for a renewal of YHWH’s proper relationship with Israel, the seemingly unpleasant Exilic conditions begin, discursively, to shape an image of YHWH as loving Israel and teaching it. Exile is dystopia, but one that carries in itself all the seeds of utopia. The concept of Exile continued to exercise an important influence in the discourses of Israel in the Second Temple period, and was eventually influential in the production of eschatological visions.

Der zweite Band gesammelter Studien des Münchener Alttestamentlers umfasst 17 Aufsätze. Ein Schwerpunkt des Bandes liegt auf der Hermeneutik und Theologie des Alten Testaments. Weitere Arbeiten befassen sich mit der Redaktionsgeschichte des Pentateuchs, der Königebücher, der prophetischen Bücher und der Psalmen. Eingehende literaturgeschichtliche Analysen sind Kapiteln aus den Büchern Genesis, Könige und Jona gewidmet.

Water is a vital resource and is widely acknowledged as such. Thus it often serves as an ideological and linguistic symbol that stands for and evokes concepts central within a community. This volume explores ‘thinking of water’ and concepts expressed through references to water within the symbolic system of the late Persian/early Hellenistic period and as it does so it sheds light on the social mindscape of the early Second Temple community.

Water is a vital resource and is widely acknowledged as such. Thus it often serves as an ideological and linguistic symbol that stands for and evokes concepts central within a community. This volume explores ‘thinking of water’ and concepts expressed through references to water within the symbolic system of the late Persian/early Hellenistic period and as it does so it sheds light on the social mindscape of the early Second Temple community.

Das Bild der Geschichte des alten Israel hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark gewandelt. Abhängig von den Ergebnissen der literaturgeschichtlichen Arbeit am Alten Testament hat sich die traditionelle Datierung mancher biblischen Quellen verändert. Daraufhin müssen Schlüsselereignisse neu datiert werden, wenn ihre Historizität nicht überhaupt in Frage steht. Die Archäologie Palästinas hat zu einer vertieften Kenntnis der Entwicklung im Lande geführt. Der Bestand an althebräischen Inschriften hat sich nicht unerheblich vermehrt. Auch die Erforschung der Literaturen in Israels altorientalischer Umgebung ist vorangeschritten. Vergleicht man diese Texte mit dem Alten Testament, stellen sie die traditionelle Auffassung von einer Sonderstellung Israels teilweise in Frage. Christoph Levins „Entwurf einer Geschichte Israels“ untersucht daher folgende Gesichtspunkte: Welche Quellen stehen für die Geschichte Israels zur Verfügung? Wie lassen sich die Epochen der Geschichte Israels bestimmen? Welche Strukturen waren für die Geschichte Israels maßgebend? Welche Bedeutung kommt der Geschichte Israels zu?Dabei bewährt sich Wellhausens fundamentale Unterscheidung von „Judentum und altem Israel in ihrem Gegensatze“ und gewinnt überraschende Aktualität.

Das Bild der Geschichte des alten Israel hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark gewandelt. Abhängig von den Ergebnissen der literaturgeschichtlichen Arbeit am Alten Testament hat sich die traditionelle Datierung mancher biblischen Quellen verändert. Daraufhin müssen Schlüsselereignisse neu datiert werden, wenn ihre Historizität nicht überhaupt in Frage steht. Die Archäologie Palästinas hat zu einer vertieften Kenntnis der Entwicklung im Lande geführt. Der Bestand an althebräischen Inschriften hat sich nicht unerheblich vermehrt. Auch die Erforschung der Literaturen in Israels altorientalischer Umgebung ist vorangeschritten. Vergleicht man diese Texte mit dem Alten Testament, stellen sie die traditionelle Auffassung von einer Sonderstellung Israels teilweise in Frage. Christoph Levins „Entwurf einer Geschichte Israels“ untersucht daher folgende Gesichtspunkte: Welche Quellen stehen für die Geschichte Israels zur Verfügung? Wie lassen sich die Epochen der Geschichte Israels bestimmen? Welche Strukturen waren für die Geschichte Israels maßgebend? Welche Bedeutung kommt der Geschichte Israels zu?Dabei bewährt sich Wellhausens fundamentale Unterscheidung von „Judentum und altem Israel in ihrem Gegensatze“ und gewinnt überraschende Aktualität.

Despite considerable scholarly efforts for many years, the last two decades of the Kingdom of Israel are still beneath the veil of history. What was the status of the Kingdom after its annexation by Assyria in 732 BCE? Who conquered Samaria, the capital of the Kingdom? When did it happen? One of the primary reasons for this situation lies in the discrepancies found in the historical sources, namely the Hebrew Bible and the Assyrian texts.

Since biblical studies and Assyriology are two distinct disciplines, the gaps in the sources are not easy to bridge. Moreover, recent great progress in the archaeological research in the Southern Levant provides now crucial new data, independent of these textual sources.

This volume, a collection of papers by leading scholars from different fields of research, aims to bring together, for the first time, all the available data and to discuss these conundrums from various perspectives in order to reach a better and deeper understanding of this crucial period, which possibly triggered in the following decades the birth of "new Israel" in the Southern Kingdom of Judah, and eventually led to the formation of the Hebrew Bible and its underlying theology.

Despite considerable scholarly efforts for many years, the last two decades of the Kingdom of Israel are still beneath the veil of history. What was the status of the Kingdom after its annexation by Assyria in 732 BCE? Who conquered Samaria, the capital of the Kingdom? When did it happen? One of the primary reasons for this situation lies in the discrepancies found in the historical sources, namely the Hebrew Bible and the Assyrian texts.

Since biblical studies and Assyriology are two distinct disciplines, the gaps in the sources are not easy to bridge. Moreover, recent great progress in the archaeological research in the Southern Levant provides now crucial new data, independent of these textual sources.

This volume, a collection of papers by leading scholars from different fields of research, aims to bring together, for the first time, all the available data and to discuss these conundrums from various perspectives in order to reach a better and deeper understanding of this crucial period, which possibly triggered in the following decades the birth of "new Israel" in the Southern Kingdom of Judah, and eventually led to the formation of the Hebrew Bible and its underlying theology.

Chaos is a perennial source of fear and fascination. The original "formless void" (tohu-wa-bohu) mentioned in the book of Genesis, chaos precedes the created world: a state of anarchy before the establishment of cosmic order. But chaos has frequently also been conceived of as a force that persists in the cosmos and in society and threatens to undo them both.

From the cultures of the ancient Near East and the Old Testament to early modernity, notions of the divine have included the power to check and contain as well as to unleash chaos as a sanction for the violation of social and ethical norms. Yet chaos has also been construed as a necessary supplement to order, a region of pure potentiality at the base of reality that provides the raw material of creation or even constitutes a kind of alternative order itself. As such, it generates its own peculiar ''formations of the formless''.

Focusing on the connection between the cosmic and the political, this volume traces the continuities and re-conceptualizations of chaos from the ancient Near East to early modern Europe across a variety of cultures, discourses and texts. One of the questions it poses is how these pre-modern ''chaos theories'' have survived into and reverberate in our own time.

Chaos is a perennial source of fear and fascination. The original "formless void" (tohu-wa-bohu) mentioned in the book of Genesis, chaos precedes the created world: a state of anarchy before the establishment of cosmic order. But chaos has frequently also been conceived of as a force that persists in the cosmos and in society and threatens to undo them both.

From the cultures of the ancient Near East and the Old Testament to early modernity, notions of the divine have included the power to check and contain as well as to unleash chaos as a sanction for the violation of social and ethical norms. Yet chaos has also been construed as a necessary supplement to order, a region of pure potentiality at the base of reality that provides the raw material of creation or even constitutes a kind of alternative order itself. As such, it generates its own peculiar ''formations of the formless''.

Focusing on the connection between the cosmic and the political, this volume traces the continuities and re-conceptualizations of chaos from the ancient Near East to early modern Europe across a variety of cultures, discourses and texts. One of the questions it poses is how these pre-modern ''chaos theories'' have survived into and reverberate in our own time.