Christoph Safferling – författare

This book sets out and analyses the procedural law applied by international criminal tribunals and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It traces the development of international criminal procedure from its roots in the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to its current application by the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Extraordinary Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia, and the International Criminal Court. All ofthese tribunals apply a different set of rules. The focus of this book, however, lies on the ICC and its procedural regime as contained in the Rome Statute, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, and the different Regulations of the Court and of the Prosecutor.The exceptional compromise between common and civil law which formed the basis of the ICC''s Statute created a unique procedural order. This book systematically analyses the Court''s organisational structure, overall procedural setting, and the individual procedural regulations, and compares and contrasts these to other international criminal tribunals. Amongst the many unresolved procedural issues are the rights of the accused before, during, and after the trial, the disclosure of evidence, thepresentation of evidence, the participation of victims, the protection of witnesses, and the cooperation between the ICC and individual states. Through looking at these issues, the book develops a concise and fitting theoretical underpinning for the ICC''s procedural order that is not founded on anyspecific legal culture.

This book sets out and analyses the procedural law applied by international criminal tribunals and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It traces the development of international criminal procedure from its roots in the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to its current application by the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Extraordinary Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia, and the International Criminal Court. All ofthese tribunals apply a different set of rules. The focus of this book, however, lies on the ICC and its procedural regime as contained in the Rome Statute, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, and the different Regulations of the Court and of the Prosecutor.The exceptional compromise between common and civil law which formed the basis of the ICC''s Statute created a unique procedural order. This book systematically analyses the Court''s organisational structure, overall procedural setting, and the individual procedural regulations, and compares and contrasts these to other international criminal tribunals. Amongst the many unresolved procedural issues are the rights of the accused before, during, and after the trial, the disclosure of evidence, thepresentation of evidence, the participation of victims, the protection of witnesses, and the cooperation between the ICC and individual states. Through looking at these issues, the book develops a concise and fitting theoretical underpinning for the ICC''s procedural order that is not founded on anyspecific legal culture.

The aim of this book is to develop an international criminal procedural order. The Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was agreed in 1998. This provides a rough outline of a procedure, but it still needs to be made workable for the prosecution of international criminals. Such a procedural order would need to reconcile Continental and Anglo--American approaches. The book therefore contains a comparison between German (i.e. one of the main leading Continental legal systems) criminal procedure and English and US criminal procedure, how they developed historically and philosophically, and where they stand today. It covers the criminal process from the first steps of the investigation up to the imprisonment of the convicted.In addition to this comparative perspective, this study also analyses international human rights law as the basis of an international procedural order. For this purpose the contents of the relevant human rights law is extracted from international agreements and international bodies such as the Human Right Committee or the European Court of Human Rights and applied to the procedure of the existing International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and that of the ICC Statute.As a contribution to the fast-growing field of international criminal law, this book will be of use to all academics, practitioners, and government officials involved with the new International Criminal Court.

The aim of this book is to develop an international criminal procedural order. The Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was agreed in 1998. This provides a rough outline of a procedure, but it still needs to be made workable for the prosecution of international criminals. Such a procedural order would need to reconcile Continental and Anglo--American approaches. The book therefore contains a comparison between German (i.e. one of the main leading Continental legal systems) criminal procedure and English and US criminal procedure, how they developed historically and philosophically, and where they stand today. It covers the criminal process from the first steps of the investigation up to the imprisonment of the convicted.In addition to this comparative perspective, this study also analyses international human rights law as the basis of an international procedural order. For this purpose the contents of the relevant human rights law is extracted from international agreements and international bodies such as the Human Right Committee or the European Court of Human Rights and applied to the procedure of the existing International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and that of the ICC Statute.As a contribution to the fast-growing field of international criminal law, this book will be of use to all academics, practitioners, and government officials involved with the new International Criminal Court.

This book sets out and analyses the procedural law applied by international criminal tribunals and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It traces the development of international criminal procedure from its roots in the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to its current application by the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Extraordinary Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia, and the International Criminal Court. All of these tribunals apply a different set of rules. The focus of this book, however, lies on the ICC and its procedural regime as contained in the Rome Statute, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, and the different Regulations of the Court and of the Prosecutor. The exceptional compromise between common and civil law which formed the basis of the ICC's Statute created a unique procedural order. This book systematically analyses the Court's organisational structure, overall procedural setting, and the individual procedural regulations, and compares and contrasts these to other international criminal tribunals. Amongst the many unresolved procedural issues are the rights of the accused before, during, and after the trial, the disclosure of evidence, the presentation of evidence, the participation of victims, the protection of witnesses, and the cooperation between the ICC and individual states. Through looking at these issues, the book develops a concise and fitting theoretical underpinning for the ICC's procedural order that is not founded on any specific legal culture.

The book analyses the difficulties the International Criminal Court faces with the definition of those persons who are eligible for participating in the proceedings. Establishing justice for victims is one of the most important aims of the court. It therefore created a unique system of victim participation. Since its first trial the court struggles to live up to the expectancies its statute has generated. The book offers a new approach of how to define victimhood by looking at the different international crimes. It seeks to offer guidance for the right to participate in the different stages of the proceedings by looking at the practice in national jurisdictions. Lastly the book offers insights into the functioning of the reparation regime at the ICC by virtue of the Trust Fund for Victim and  its different mandates. The critical analysis of the ICC-practice with regard to definition, participation and reparation aims at promoting a realistic approach, which will avoid the disappointing of expectations and thus help to enhance the acceptance of the ICC.

The book analyses the difficulties the International Criminal Court faces with the definition of those persons who are eligible for participating in the proceedings. Establishing justice for victims is one of the most important aims of the court. It therefore created a unique system of victim participation. Since its first trial the court struggles to live up to the expectancies its statute has generated. The book offers a new approach of how to define victimhood by looking at the different international crimes. It seeks to offer guidance for the right to participate in the different stages of the proceedings by looking at the practice in national jurisdictions. Lastly the book offers insights into the functioning of the reparation regime at the ICC by virtue of the Trust Fund for Victim and  its different mandates. The critical analysis of the ICC-practice with regard to definition, participation and reparation aims at promoting a realistic approach, which will avoid the disappointing of expectations and thus help to enhance the acceptance of the ICC.

The book analyses the difficulties the International Criminal Court faces with the definition of those persons who are eligible for participating in the proceedings. Establishing justice for victims is one of the most important aims of the court. It therefore created a unique system of victim participation. Since its first trial the court struggles to live up to the expectancies its statute has generated. The book offers a new approach of how to define victimhood by looking at the different international crimes. It seeks to offer guidance for the right to participate in the different stages of the proceedings by looking at the practice in national jurisdictions. Lastly the book offers insights into the functioning of the reparation regime at the ICC by virtue of the Trust Fund for Victim and  its different mandates. The critical analysis of the ICC-practice with regard to definition, participation and reparation aims at promoting a realistic approach, which will avoid the disappointing of expectations and thus help to enhance the acceptance of the ICC.

This book delves into the intertwined narratives of Poland and Germany's post-war experiences, shedding light on their shared trauma from World War II and subsequent confrontations with communism. Authored by scholars from Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw and Law School of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, it opens a critical dialogue about the nations' efforts to recover from war, dictatorship, and human rights abuses. From constitutional law to criminal justice, the chapters explore diverse facets of their shared history, offering fresh insights and reflections. This collaborative effort culminates in a comprehensive analysis of post-war politics and legal frameworks, providing valuable perspectives on transitional justice and human rights protection. Through meticulous research and interdisciplinary discourse, the book aims to deepen Polish-German friendship, foster academic cooperation, and honor the memory of past generations while envisioning a future rooted in the rule of law, human rights, and peace for both nations and Europe as a whole. Through insightful contributions and meticulous research, it navigates complex legal and political landscapes, providing valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities inherent in navigating the legacies of war, dictatorship, and human rights abuses. It reflects on the profound implications of historical events, such as the Treaty of Versailles and the Nuremberg Trials, on legal and political landscapes. Through detailed examinations of institutional transformations and legal frameworks, it highlights the challenges of confronting past injustices and shaping future trajectories.

This book delves into the intertwined narratives of Poland and Germany''s post-war experiences, shedding light on their shared trauma from World War II and subsequent confrontations with communism. Authored by scholars from Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw and Law School of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, it opens a critical dialogue about the nations'' efforts to recover from war, dictatorship, and human rights abuses. From constitutional law to criminal justice, the chapters explore diverse facets of their shared history, offering fresh insights and reflections. This collaborative effort culminates in a comprehensive analysis of post-war politics and legal frameworks, providing valuable perspectives on transitional justice and human rights protection. Through meticulous research and interdisciplinary discourse, the book aims to deepen Polish-German friendship, foster academic cooperation, and honor the memory of past generations while envisioning a future rooted in the rule of law, human rights, and peace for both nations and Europe as a whole. Through insightful contributions and meticulous research, it navigates complex legal and political landscapes, providing valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities inherent in navigating the legacies of war, dictatorship, and human rights abuses. It reflects on the profound implications of historical events, such as the Treaty of Versailles and the Nuremberg Trials, on legal and political landscapes. Through detailed examinations of institutional transformations and legal frameworks, it highlights the challenges of confronting past injustices and shaping future trajectories.

Staatsdiener der Diktatur, Anwälte der DemokratieDie Bundesanwaltschaft hat den Auftrag, den Staat zu schützen und zur Rechtseinheit beizutragen. In der frühen Bundesrepublik ging sie mit harter Hand gegen Kommunisten vor, war in die Spiegel-Affäre verwickelt und musste sich Anfang der 1970er-Jahre mit der Bekämpfung der aufkommenden RAF einer bis dahin unbekannten Bedrohung stellen. Zugleich scheute die Bundesanwaltschaft eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Vergangenheit ihrer eigenen Mitarbeiter – obwohl viele bereits im »Dritten Reich« wichtige juristische Positionen bekleidet hatten. Erstmals wird in diesem Buch die Geschichte der Bundesanwaltschaft zwischen 1950 und 1974 erforscht. Es wirft ein Schlaglicht auf die heute hochaktuelle Frage, wie eine Demokratie den Staat schützen kann, ohne die eigenen Werte zu verraten.

Deutschland steckt in einer Polykrise, auch die DemokratieDie Herausforderungen für Rechtsstaat und Demokratie in Deutschland nehmen zu. Der Blick zurück auf die Gründung der Bundesrepublik und die Krisen der vergangenen 75 Jahre zeigt: Unsere Demokratie ist stabiler, als viele Schwarzseher wahrhaben möchten. Der gesellschaftliche Zusammenhalt während der stürmischen Krisen der zurückliegenden Jahre – Finanzkrise, Flüchtlingskrise, Pandemie, Ukrainekrieg – hat sich als resilient erwiesen. Und im europäischen Vergleich auffällig: Die radikalen Parteien können in Deutschland noch von der Macht ferngehalten werden. Aber die Anfechtungen sind groß und nur durch entschiedenes politisches Handeln, durch eine Reform des Rechtsstaats, kann Deutschland bleiben, was es ist: Eine freiheitliche Demokratie.

Weltweite Rückkehr imperialer Politik: Ist das Völkerrecht am Ende?Nach dem doppelten Durchbruch des Völkerrechts nach 1945 und nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges gilt zwischen Staaten heute zunehmend wieder das Recht des Stärkeren. Der amerikanische Einmarsch in den Irak, das Folterregime in Syrien, Russlands Überfall auf die Ukraine, der Terror der Hamas, einige der Reaktionen Israels darauf, die Angriffe auf den Iran – offene Verstöße gegen das Völkerrecht, von den meisten Staaten, von führenden Politikern, auch in Deutschland, mit einem Schulterzucken zur Kenntnis genommen.Christoph Safferling zeichnet die Geschichte des Völkerrechts von 1945 bis heute nach und benennt doppelte Standards und blinde Flecken gerade auch der deutschen Politik. Seine Bilanz ist ernüchternd, sein Appell scharf: Gerade Deutschland muss die völkerrechtlichen Standards einfordern – auch wenn dies bedeutet, in offenen Konflikt zu gehen zu jahrzehntelangen Verbündeten.- Das Buch der Stunde zum Thema Völkerrecht- Professor Christoph Safferling ist einer der renommiertesten deutschen Völkerrechtler und gefragter Experte in den Medien»Gekonnt rekonstruiert Safferling die Debatten um Frieden und Völkerrecht von 1945 bis in die Gegenwart, auch bis in die allerjüngste Gegenwart hinein.« Hendrik Simon, FAZ»Ein eindrucksvolles und zugleich beklemmendes Buch über die Möglichkeiten und die Grenzen der internationalen Rechtsordnung. (…) Gleichermaßen Analyse, Diagnose und Warnruf.« Peggy Fiebig, Deutschlandfunk, Andruck

60 years after the trials of the main German war criminals, the articles in this book attempt to assess the Nuremberg Trials from a historical and legal point of view, and to illustrate connections, contradictions and consequences. In view of constantly reoccurring reports of mass crimes from all over the world, we have only reached the halfway point in the quest for an effective system of international criminal justice. With the legacy of Nuremberg in mind, this volume is a contribution to the search for answers to questions of how the law can be applied effectively and those committing crimes against humanity be brought to justice for their actions.

Das vorliegende Buch bietet eine systematische Einführung in das Strafanwendungsrecht, das Europäische Strafrecht nach dem Lissabon-Vertrag und das Völkerstrafrecht auf der Grundlage des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs; zahlreiche Übersichten und Prüfungsschemata veranschaulichen den Stoff. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Darstellung der historischen und kriminalpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie auf der methodischen Herleitung.

Das vorliegende Buch bietet eine systematische Einführung in das Strafanwendungsrecht, das Europäische Strafrecht nach dem Lissabon-Vertrag und das Völkerstrafrecht auf der Grundlage des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs; zahlreiche Übersichten und Prüfungsschemata veranschaulichen den Stoff. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Darstellung der historischen und kriminalpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie auf der methodischen Herleitung.

Zehn Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten des Völkerstrafgesetzbuches (VStGB) vereinigt der vorliegende Sammelband unterschiedliche Blickwinkel und Perspektiven auf das noch junge Gesetzeswerk und dessen Praxis. Die Bestandsaufnahme enthält – neben einem Blick auf die Rechtslage in Österreich und der Schweiz – Beiträge zur Entstehung des Gesetzes, seiner Anwendung in der Praxis und zu aktuellen Entwicklungen. Dabei wird eines klar: ohne einen interdisziplinären Ansatz, der neben rechtsdogmatischen Erwägungen auch politische und historische Argumente zulässt, können die mit der Ausbildung einer internationalen Strafrechtsordnung verbundenen Herausforderungen nicht gemeistert werden.

Zehn Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten des Völkerstrafgesetzbuches (VStGB) vereinigt der vorliegende Sammelband unterschiedliche Blickwinkel und Perspektiven auf das noch junge Gesetzeswerk und dessen Praxis. Die Bestandsaufnahme enthält – neben einem Blick auf die Rechtslage in Österreich und der Schweiz – Beiträge zur Entstehung des Gesetzes, seiner Anwendung in der Praxis und zu aktuellen Entwicklungen. Dabei wird eines klar: ohne einen interdisziplinären Ansatz, der neben rechtsdogmatischen Erwägungen auch politische und historische Argumente zulässt, können die mit der Ausbildung einer internationalen Strafrechtsordnung verbundenen Herausforderungen nicht gemeistert werden.

The question of how German government agencies and ministries had been dealing with the Nazi-Past in the immediate aftermath of the war, has most recently attracted a high amount of attention. This development was stimulated by the study "Das Amt", published in 2010, discussing the Nazi-Past of the German Foreign Office. Continuity and changes in terms of institutions and personnel have been put into the focus of the discussion as well as substantive aspects of the policy of the first post-war governments in Germany. Several federal ministries and agencies have established commissions, in order to research their own history through independent scholars. Also the Federal Ministry of Justice has chosen this way in order to learn more about its national-socialist continuities.The several articles of this volume address different aspects of the way from the Nazi-legal system to the judiciary of the early Federal Republic of Germany. A main focus is put on the development of the Federal Ministry of Justice, which was residing in the so called Rosenburg in Bonn from 1950-1973. Issue is taken with questions of personnel, like recruitment and promotion policies, but also with crucial issues of legal policy, like the development of the German Constitution after 1948/49, the legislative power in the "Third Reich" and the early Federal Republic of Germany, the prosecution of war criminals in the immediate aftermath of the war, the beginning of criminal law policy in the Ministry as well as the developments in economy and family law.The "Independent Academic Commission at the Federal Ministry of Justice for the critical study of the national socialist past", so named by its official title, has hosted an academic symposium on April 26, 2012 in the "Kammergericht" in Berlin. The papers collected in this volume were mostly presented at that one-day symposiu.

Band 6 des Handbuch des Strafrechts "Teildisziplinen des Strafrechts" nimmt in fünf Abschnitten einzelne, besondere Themenbereiche des Strafrechts ausführlich in den Blick. Er widmet sich dem Medizinstrafrecht, dem Betäubungs- und Arzneimittelstrafrecht, dem Wirtschafts- und Steuerstrafrecht und umfasst Beiträge zum Themengebiet "Kommunikation und Strafrecht" sowie zu den internationalen Verflechtungen des Strafrechts. Ausführlich besprochen werden dabei u.a. die ärztliche Heilbehandlung, der Schutz des geistigen Eigentums und der Schutz des freien Wettbewerbs, das Medien- und Computerstrafrecht sowie das Europäische Strafrecht und das Völkerstrafrecht.Konzeption:Das auf neun Bände angelegte "Handbuch des Strafrechts" ist eine Gesamtdarstellung des deutschen Strafrechts und Strafverfahrensrechts, das nicht über Kommentierungen einzelner Vorschriften, sondern in Form themenspezifischer Abhandlungen erschlossen wird.Es besteht aus drei Sektionen, von denen die erste die Grundlagen sowie den Allgemeinen Teil des Strafrechts behandelt, die zweite den Besonderen Teil mit ausgesuchten Teildisziplinen des Strafrechts und die dritte das Strafverfahrensrecht.Das Handbuch des Strafrechts stellt dezidiert die Dogmatik in den Mittelpunkt. Es berücksichtigt vor allem die Grundlagen und deren Fortentwicklung. Losgelöst von den Herausforderungen des Augenblicks und des Einzelfalls begleitet es die Entwicklung des deutschen Strafrechts beständig und dauerhaft aus einer kritischen Distanz. Es trägt dazu bei, andere strafrechtswissenschaftliche Untersuchungen auf ein solides Fundament zu stellen. Aufgrund von Interdisziplinarität und Einbeziehung europäischer und internationaler Tendenzen ist das Werk über die nationalen Grenzen hinaus für die gesamte strafrechtliche Forschung und Praxis von Interesse.Band 6 des Handbuch des Strafrechts "Teildisziplinen des Strafrechts" nimmt in fünf Abschnitten einzelne, besondere Themenbereiche des Strafrechts ausführlich in den Blick. Er widmet sich dem Medizinstrafrecht, dem Betäubungs- und Arzneimittelstrafrecht, dem Wirtschafts- und Steuerstrafrecht und umfasst Beiträge zum Themengebiet "Kommunikation und Strafrecht" sowie zu den internationalen Verflechtungen des Strafrechts.Ausführlich besprochen werden dabei u.a. die ärztliche Heilbehandlung, der Schutz des geistigen Eigentums und der Schutz des freien Wettbewerbs, das Medien-, Computer- und Internetstrafrecht sowie das Europäische Strafrecht und das Völkerstrafrecht.Konzeption:Das auf neun Bände angelegte "Handbuch des Strafrechts" ist eine Gesamtdarstellung des deutschen Strafrechts und Strafverfahrensrechts, das nicht über Kommentierungen einzelner Vorschriften, sondern in Form themenspezifischer Abhandlungen erschlossen wird.Es besteht aus drei Sektionen, von denen die erste die Grundlagen sowie den Allgemeinen Teil des Strafrechts behandelt, die zweite den Besonderen Teil mit ausgesuchten Teildisziplinen des Strafrechts und die dritte das Strafverfahrensrecht.Das Handbuch des Strafrechts stellt dezidiert die Dogmatik in den Mittelpunkt. Es berücksichtigt vor allem die Grundlagen und deren Fortentwicklung. Losgelöst von den Herausforderungen des Augenblicks und des Einzelfalls begleitet es die Entwicklung des deutschen Strafrechts beständig und dauerhaft aus einer kritischen Distanz. Es trägt dazu bei, andere strafrechtswissenschaftliche Untersuchungen auf ein solides Fundament zu stellen.

In international law victims' issues have gained more and more attention over the last decades. In particular in transitional justice processes the victim is being given high priority. It is to be seen in this context that the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court foresees a rather excessive victim participation concept in criminal prosecution. In this volume issue is taken at first with the definition of victims, and secondly with the role of the victim as a witness and as a participant. Several chapters address this matter with a view to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and the Trial against Demjanjuk in Germany. In a third part the interests of the victims outside the criminal trial are being discussed. In the final part the role of civil society actors are being tackled. This volume thus gives an overview of the role of victims in transitional justice processes from an interdisciplinary angle, combiningacademic research and practical experience.

In international law victims'' issues have gained more and more attention over the last decades. In particular in transitional justice processes the victim is being given high priority. It is to be seen in this context that the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court foresees a rather excessive victim participation concept in criminal prosecution. In this volume issue is taken at first with the definition of victims, and secondly with the role of the victim as a witness and as a participant. Several chapters address this matter with a view to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and the Trial against Demjanjuk in Germany. In a third part the interests of the victims outside the criminal trial are being discussed. In the final part the role of civil society actors are being tackled. This volume thus gives an overview of the role of victims in transitional justice processes from an interdisciplinary angle, combiningacademic research and practical experience.

In international law victims' issues have gained more and more attention over the last decades. In particular in transitional justice processes the victim is being given high priority. It is to be seen in this context that the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court foresees a rather excessive victim participation concept in criminal prosecution. In this volume issue is taken at first with the definition of victims, and secondly with the role of the victim as a witness and as a participant. Several chapters address this matter with a view to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and the Trial against Demjanjuk in Germany. In a third part the interests of the victims outside the criminal trial are being discussed. In the final part the role of civil society actors are being tackled. This volume thus gives an overview of the role of victims in transitional justice processes from an interdisciplinary angle, combiningacademic research and practical experience.

Vorsatz und Schuld sind elementare Begriffe des Strafrechts, die von einem erheblichen gesellschaftlichen Vorverständnis geprägt sind. Als wesentlicher Teil der jeweiligen Rechtskultur unterscheiden sich sowohl das soziale Vorverständnis wie die professionelle Verwendung der Begriffe Vorsatz und Schuld in den verschiedenen Rechtssystemen erheblich. Christoph Safferling greift das deutsche und englische Strafrechtssystem heraus und untersucht diese hinsichtlich der subjektiven Täterelemente. Strafrechtstheorie und Philosophie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert verursachten teilweise dramatische Umorientierungen im Verständnis von Vorsatz und Schuld, beispielsweise durch die Versubjektivierung des Unrechtsbegriffs, die durch die finale Handlungslehre ausgelöst wurde. Diese Entwicklungen wurden jedoch in der terminologischen Verwendung der Begriffe nicht konsequent umgesetzt, was sich besonders an großen Unsicherheiten in der Irrtumslehre zeigt. Die Begriffsverwendung im englischen Strafrecht wirkt dagegen undifferenziert und kaum auf Systematisierung ausgerichtet. Die starke Einzelfallbeziehung führt zu teilweise schwer handhabbaren Parametern und undurchsichtigen Differenzierungen in bezug auf die subjektiven Voraussetzungen der Straftat. Beim Vergleich hinsichtlich der Fragen Vorsatz und Schuld zeigt der Autor eine unterschiedliche Ausgeprägtheit der systematischen Durchdringung beider Strafrechtsordnungen und ein teilweise sehr unterschiedliches Verständnis von Strafbedürfnis.