Colette Faucher - Böcker

This research volume is a continuation of our previous volumes on intelligent machine. It is divided into three parts. Part I deals with big data and ontologies. It includes examples related to the text mining, rule mining and ontology. Part II is on knowledge-based systems. It includes context-centered systems, knowledge discovery, interoperability, consistency and systems of systems. The final part is on applications. The applications involve prediction, decision optimization and assessment.This book is directed to the researchers who wish to explore the field of knowledge engineering further.

This research volume is a continuation of our previous volumes on intelligent machine. It is divided into three parts. Part I deals with big data and ontologies. It includes examples related to the text mining, rule mining and ontology. Part II is on knowledge-based systems. It includes context-centered systems, knowledge discovery, interoperability, consistency and systems of systems. The final part is on applications. The applications involve prediction, decision optimization and assessment.This book is directed to the researchers who wish to explore the field of knowledge engineering further.

This book offers valuable new insights into the design of culturally-aware systems. In its first part, it is devoted to presenting selected Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems devised in the field of Artificial Intelligence and its second part consists of two sub-parts that offer a source of inspiration for building modelizations of Culture and of its influence on the human mind and behavior, to be used in new Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems. Those sub-parts present the results of experiments conducted in two fields that study Culture and its influence on the human mind’s functions: Cultural Neuroscience and Cross-Cultural Psychology. In this era of globalization, people from different countries and cultures have the opportunity to interact directly or indirectly in a wide variety of contexts. Despite differences in their ways of thinking and reasoning, their behaviors, their values, lifestyles, customs and habits, languages, religions – in a word, their cultures – they must be able to collaborate on projects, to understand each other’s views, to communicate in such a way that they don’t offend each other, to anticipate the effects of their actions on others, and so on. As such, it is of primary importance to understand how culture affects people’s mental activities, such as perception, interpretation, reasoning, emotion and behavior, in order to anticipate possible misunderstandings due to differences in handling the same situation, and to try and resolve them. Artificial Intelligence, and more specifically, the field of Intelligent Systems design, aims at building systems that mimic the behavior of human beings in order to complete tasks more efficiently than humans could by themselves. Consequently, in the last decade, experts and scholars in the field of Intelligent Systems have been increasingly tackling the notion of cultural awareness. A Culturally-Aware Intelligent System can be defined as a system where Culture-related or, more generally, socio-cultural information is modeled and used to design the human-machine interface, or to provide support with the task carried out by the system, be it reasoning, simulation or any other task involving cultural knowledge.

This book offers valuable new insights into the design of culturally-aware systems. In its first part, it is devoted to presenting selected Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems devised in the field of Artificial Intelligence and its second part consists of two sub-parts that offer a source of inspiration for building modelizations of Culture and of its influence on the human mind and behavior, to be used in new Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems. Those sub-parts present the results of experiments conducted in two fields that study Culture and its influence on the human mind’s functions: Cultural Neuroscience and Cross-Cultural Psychology. In this era of globalization, people from different countries and cultures have the opportunity to interact directly or indirectly in a wide variety of contexts. Despite differences in their ways of thinking and reasoning, their behaviors, their values, lifestyles, customs and habits, languages, religions – in a word, their cultures – they must be able to collaborate on projects, to understand each other’s views, to communicate in such a way that they don’t offend each other, to anticipate the effects of their actions on others, and so on. As such, it is of primary importance to understand how culture affects people’s mental activities, such as perception, interpretation, reasoning, emotion and behavior, in order to anticipate possible misunderstandings due to differences in handling the same situation, and to try and resolve them. Artificial Intelligence, and more specifically, the field of Intelligent Systems design, aims at building systems that mimic the behavior of human beings in order to complete tasks more efficiently than humans could by themselves. Consequently, in the last decade, experts and scholars in the field of Intelligent Systems have been increasingly tackling the notion of cultural awareness. A Culturally-Aware Intelligent System can be defined as a system where Culture-related or, more generally, socio-cultural information is modeled and used to design the human-machine interface, or to provide support with the task carried out by the system, be it reasoning, simulation or any other task involving cultural knowledge.

Emotion connects the thought to the body, which is a magnificent biological - vice for sensing and affecting the world. The thought controls the body through emotions. The body affects the thought through emotions. Through this mec- nism, the thought allows the agent to behave intelligently in the complex world filled with a huge amount of dynamic information. The emotion maps a flux of information into a space which the agent is familiar with, enabling her/him to associate ongoing events with past experiences which help to reduce complexity by providing with a nominal solution. Recent findings in brain science suggest that mirror neurons map visual signals into motor signals for the body. This mechanism might permit one to experience the emotion of the other agent just by feeling the motor signals caused by mirror neurons as a result of visual stimuli caused by the other agent’s emotional beh- iors. In particular, it might play a significant role in invoking empathy in a social situation. It may not be hard to think about what might happen to emotion-less machines. The emotion-less machines may not be able to accumulate experiences to avoid serious failures. They may not be able to communicate with the humans in an empathetic way.

Emotion connects the thought to the body, which is a magnificent biological - vice for sensing and affecting the world. The thought controls the body through emotions. The body affects the thought through emotions. Through this mec- nism, the thought allows the agent to behave intelligently in the complex world filled with a huge amount of dynamic information. The emotion maps a flux of information into a space which the agent is familiar with, enabling her/him to associate ongoing events with past experiences which help to reduce complexity by providing with a nominal solution. Recent findings in brain science suggest that mirror neurons map visual signals into motor signals for the body. This mechanism might permit one to experience the emotion of the other agent just by feeling the motor signals caused by mirror neurons as a result of visual stimuli caused by the other agent’s emotional beh- iors. In particular, it might play a significant role in invoking empathy in a social situation. It may not be hard to think about what might happen to emotion-less machines. The emotion-less machines may not be able to accumulate experiences to avoid serious failures. They may not be able to communicate with the humans in an empathetic way.

Risk and Cognition