Dietmar Saupe – författare

Almost 12 years have passed by since we wrote Chaos and Fractals. At the time we were hoping that our approach of writing a book which would be both accessible without mathematical sophistication and portray these exiting new fields in an authentic manner would find an audience. Now we know it did. We know from many reviews and personal letters that the book is used in a wide range of ways: researchers use it to acquaint themselves, teachers use it in college and university courses, students use it for background reading, and there is also a substantial audience of lay people who just want to know what chaos and fractals are about. Every book that is somewhat technical in nature is likely to have a number of misprints and errors in its first edition. Some of these were caught and brought to our attention by our readers. One of them, Hermann Flaschka, deserves to be thanked in particular for his suggestions and improvements. This second edition has several changes. We have taken out thetwo appendices from the firstedition. At the time of the first edition Yuval Fishers contribution, which we published as an appendix was probably the first complete expository account on fractal image compression. Meanwhile, Yuvals book Fractal Image Compression: Theory and Application appeared and is now the publication to refer to.

Almost 12 years have passed by since we wrote Chaos and Fractals. At the time we were hoping that our approach of writing a book which would be both accessible without mathematical sophistication and portray these exiting new fields in an authentic manner would find an audience. Now we know it did. We know from many reviews and personal letters that the book is used in a wide range of ways: researchers use it to acquaint themselves, teachers use it in college and university courses, students use it for background reading, and there is also a substantial audience of lay people who just want to know what chaos and fractals are about. Every book that is somewhat technical in nature is likely to have a number of misprints and errors in its first edition. Some of these were caught and brought to our attention by our readers. One of them, Hermann Flaschka, deserves to be thanked in particular for his suggestions and improvements. This second edition has several changes. We have taken out thetwo appendices from the firstedition. At the time of the first edition Yuval Fishers contribution, which we published as an appendix was probably the first complete expository account on fractal image compression. Meanwhile, Yuvals book Fractal Image Compression: Theory and Application appeared and is now the publication to refer to.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications FRACTALS IN MULTIMEDIA is a result of a very successful three-day minisymposium on the same title. The event was an integral part of the IMA annual program on Mathemat­ ics in Multimedia, 2000-2001. We would like to thank Michael F. Barnsley (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne), Di­ etmar Saupe (Institut fUr Informatik, UniversiUit Leipzig), and Edward R. Vrscay (Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo) for their excellent work as organizers of the meeting and for editing the proceedings. We take this opportunity to thank the National Science Foundation for their support of the IMA. Series Editors Douglas N. Arnold, Director of the IMA Fadil Santosa, Deputy Director of the IMA v PREFACE This volume grew out of a meeting on Fractals in Multimedia held at the IMA in January 2001. The meeting was an exciting and intense one, focused on fractal image compression, analysis, and synthesis, iterated function systems and fractals in education. The central concerns of the meeting were to establish within these areas where we are now and to develop a vision for the future.

There are many reasons for writing this first volume of strategic activities on fractals. The most pervasive is the compelling desire to provide students of mathematics with a set of accessible, hands-on experiences with fractals and their underlying mathematical principles and characteristics. Another is to show how fractals connect to many different aspects of mathematics and how the study of fractals can bring these ideas together. A third is to share the beauty of their structure and shape both through what the eye sees and what the mind visualizes. Fractals have captured the attention, enthusiasm, and interest of many people around the world. To the casual observer, their color, beauty, and geometric structure captivates the visual senses like few other things they have ever experienced in mathematics. To the computer scientist, fractals offer a rich environment in which to explore, create, and build a new visual world as an artist creating a new work. To the student, fractals bring mathematics out of past history and into the twenty-first century. To the mathematics teacher, fractals offer a unique, new opportunity to illustrate both the dynamics of mathematics and its many connecting links.

The same factors that motivated the writing of our first volume of strategic activities on fractals continued to encourage the assembly of additional activities for this second volume. Fractals provide a setting wherein students can enjoy hands-on experiences that involve important mathematical content connected to a wide range of physical and social phenomena. The striking graphic images, unexpected geometric properties, and fascinating numerical processes offer unparalleled opportunity for enthusiastic student inquiry. Students sense the vigor present in the growing and highly integrative discipline of fractal geom­ etry as they are introduced to mathematical developments that have occurred during the last half of the twentieth century. Few branches of mathematics and computer science offer such a contem­ porary portrayal of the wonderment available in careful analysis, in the amazing dialogue between numeric and geometric processes, and in the energetic interaction between mathematics and other disciplines. Fractals continue to supply an uncommon setting for animated teaching and learn­ ing activities that focus upon fundamental mathematical concepts, connections, problem-solving techniques, and many other major topics of elementary and advanced mathematics. It remains our hope that, through this second volume of strategic activities, readers will find their enjoyment of mathematics heightened and their appreciation for the dynamics of the world in­ creased. We want experiences with fractals to enliven curiosity and to stretch the imagination.

Fractals for the Classroom breaks new ground as it brings an exciting branch of mathematics into the classroom. The book is a collection of independent chapters on the major concepts related to the science and mathematics of fractals. Written at the mathematical level of an advanced secondary student, Fractals for the Classroom includes many fascinating insights for the classroom teacher and integrates illustrations from a wide variety of applications with an enjoyable text to help bring the concepts alive and make them understandable to the average reader. This book will have a tremendous impact upon teachers, students, and the mathematics education of the general public. With the forthcoming companion materials, including four books on strategic classroom activities and lessons with interactive computer software, this package will be unparalleled.

This third and final volume of Strategic Activities on fractal geometry and chaos theory focuses upon the images that for many people have provided a compelling lure into an investigation of the intricate properties embedded within them. By themselves the figures posses fascinating features, but the mechanisms by which they are formed also highlight significant approaches to modeling natural processes and phenomena. The general pattern and specific steps used to construct a fractal image illustrated throughout this volume, comprise an iterated function system. The objective of this volume is to investigate the processes and often surprising results of applying such systems. These strategic activities have been developed from a sound instructional base, stressing the connections to the contemporary curriculum as recommended in the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. Where appropriate, the activities take advantage of the technological power of the graphics calculator. The contents of this volume joined with the details contained in the prior two books. Together they provide a comprehensive survey of fractal geometry and chaos theory. The dynamic nature of the research and the experimental characteristics of related applications provides an engaging paradigm for classroom activity.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications FRACTALS IN MULTIMEDIA is a result of a very successful three-day minisymposium on the same title. The event was an integral part of the IMA annual program on Mathemat­ ics in Multimedia, 2000-2001. We would like to thank Michael F. Barnsley (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne), Di­ etmar Saupe (Institut fUr Informatik, UniversiUit Leipzig), and Edward R. Vrscay (Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo) for their excellent work as organizers of the meeting and for editing the proceedings. We take this opportunity to thank the National Science Foundation for their support of the IMA. Series Editors Douglas N. Arnold, Director of the IMA Fadil Santosa, Deputy Director of the IMA v PREFACE This volume grew out of a meeting on Fractals in Multimedia held at the IMA in January 2001. The meeting was an exciting and intense one, focused on fractal image compression, analysis, and synthesis, iterated function systems and fractals in education. The central concerns of the meeting were to establish within these areas where we are now and to develop a vision for the future.

This book is based on notes for the course Fractals:lntroduction, Basics and Perspectives given by MichaelF. Barnsley, RobertL. Devaney, Heinz-Otto Peit­ gen, Dietmar Saupe and Richard F. Voss. The course was chaired by Heinz-Otto Peitgen and was part of the SIGGRAPH ''87 (Anaheim, California) course pro­ gram. Though the five chapters of this book have emerged from those courses we have tried to make this book a coherent and uniformly styled presentation as much as possible. It is the first book which discusses fractals solely from the point of view of computer graphics. Though fundamental concepts and algo­ rithms are not introduced and discussed in mathematical rigor we have made a serious attempt to justify and motivate wherever it appeared to be desirable. Ba­ sic algorithms are typically presented in pseudo-code or a description so close to code that a reader who is familiar with elementary computer graphics should find no problem to get started. Mandelbrot''s fractal geometry provides both a description and a mathemat­ ical model for many of the seemingly complex forms and patterns in nature and the sciences. Fractals have blossomed enormously in the past few years and have helped reconnect pure mathematics research with both natural sciences and computing. Computer graphics has played an essential role both in its de­ velopment and rapidly growing popularity. Conversely, fractal geometry now plays an important role in the rendering, modelling and animation of natural phenomena and fantastic shapes in computer graphics.

Fractals for the Classroom breaks new ground as it brings an exciting branch of mathematics into the classroom. The book is a collection of independent chapters on the major concepts related to the science and mathematics of fractals. Written at the mathematical level of an advanced secondary student, Fractals for the Classroom includes many fascinating insights for the classroom teacher and integrates illustrations from a wide variety of applications with an enjoyable text to help bring the concepts alive and make them understandable to the average reader. This book will have a tremendous impact upon teachers, students, and the mathematics education of the general public. With the forthcoming companion materials, including four books on strategic classroom activities and lessons with interactive computer software, this package will be unparalleled.

This book is based on notes for the course Fractals:lntroduction, Basics and Perspectives given by MichaelF. Barnsley, RobertL. Devaney, Heinz-Otto Peit­ gen, Dietmar Saupe and Richard F. Voss. The course was chaired by Heinz-Otto Peitgen and was part of the SIGGRAPH '87 (Anaheim, California) course pro­ gram. Though the five chapters of this book have emerged from those courses we have tried to make this book a coherent and uniformly styled presentation as much as possible. It is the first book which discusses fractals solely from the point of view of computer graphics. Though fundamental concepts and algo­ rithms are not introduced and discussed in mathematical rigor we have made a serious attempt to justify and motivate wherever it appeared to be desirable. Ba­ sic algorithms are typically presented in pseudo-code or a description so close to code that a reader who is familiar with elementary computer graphics should find no problem to get started. Mandelbrot's fractal geometry provides both a description and a mathemat­ ical model for many of the seemingly complex forms and patterns in nature and the sciences. Fractals have blossomed enormously in the past few years and have helped reconnect pure mathematics research with both natural sciences and computing. Computer graphics has played an essential role both in its de­ velopment and rapidly growing popularity. Conversely, fractal geometry now plays an important role in the rendering, modelling and animation of natural phenomena and fantastic shapes in computer graphics.

Fractals for the Classroom breaks new ground as it brings an exciting branch of mathematics into the classroom. The book is a collection of independent chapters on the major concepts related to the science and mathematics of fractals. Written at the mathematical level of an advanced secondary student, Fractals for the Classroom includes many fascinating insights for the classroom teacher and integrates illustrations from a wide variety of applications with an enjoyable text to help bring the concepts alive and make them understandable to the average reader. This book will have a tremendous impact upon teachers, students, and the mathematics education of the general public. With the forthcoming companion materials, including four books on strategic classroom activities and lessons with interactive computer software, this package will be unparalleled.

There are many reasons for writing this first volume of strategic activities on fractals. The most pervasive is the compelling desire to provide students of mathematics with a set of accessible, hands-on experiences with fractals and their underlying mathematical principles and characteristics. Another is to show how fractals connect to many different aspects of mathematics and how the study of fractals can bring these ideas together. A third is to share the beauty of their structure and shape both through what the eye sees and what the mind visualizes. Fractals have captured the attention, enthusiasm, and interest of many people around the world. To the casual observer, their color, beauty, and geometric structure captivates the visual senses like few other things they have ever experienced in mathematics. To the computer scientist, fractals offer a rich environment in which to explore, create, and build a new visual world as an artist creating a new work. To the student, fractals bring mathematics out of past history and into the twenty-first century. To the mathematics teacher, fractals offer a unique, new opportunity to illustrate both the dynamics of mathematics and its many connecting links.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications FRACTALS IN MULTIMEDIA is a result of a very successful three-day minisymposium on the same title. The event was an integral part of the IMA annual program on Mathemat­ ics in Multimedia, 2000-2001. We would like to thank Michael F. Barnsley (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne), Di­ etmar Saupe (Institut fUr Informatik, UniversiUit Leipzig), and Edward R. Vrscay (Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo) for their excellent work as organizers of the meeting and for editing the proceedings. We take this opportunity to thank the National Science Foundation for their support of the IMA. Series Editors Douglas N. Arnold, Director of the IMA Fadil Santosa, Deputy Director of the IMA v PREFACE This volume grew out of a meeting on Fractals in Multimedia held at the IMA in January 2001. The meeting was an exciting and intense one, focused on fractal image compression, analysis, and synthesis, iterated function systems and fractals in education. The central concerns of the meeting were to establish within these areas where we are now and to develop a vision for the future.

Almost 12 years have passed by since we wrote Chaos and Fractals. At the time we were hoping that our approach of writing a book which would be both accessible without mathematical sophistication and portray these exiting new fields in an authentic manner would find an audience. Now we know it did. We know from many reviews and personal letters that the book is used in a wide range of ways: researchers use it to acquaint themselves, teachers use it in college and university courses, students use it for background reading, and there is also a substantial audience of lay people who just want to know what chaos and fractals are about. Every book that is somewhat technical in nature is likely to have a number of misprints and errors in its first edition. Some of these were caught and brought to our attention by our readers. One of them, Hermann Flaschka, deserves to be thanked in particular for his suggestions and improvements. This second edition has several changes. We have taken out thetwo appendices from the firstedition. At the time of the first edition Yuval Fishers contribution, which we published as an appendix was probably the first complete expository account on fractal image compression. Meanwhile, Yuvals book Fractal Image Compression: Theory and Application appeared and is now the publication to refer to.

Fractals for the Classroom breaks new ground as it brings an exciting branch of mathematics into the classroom. The book is a collection of independent chapters on the major concepts related to the science and mathematics of fractals. Written at the mathematical level of an advanced secondary student, Fractals for the Classroom includes many fascinating insights for the classroom teacher and integrates illustrations from a wide variety of applications with an enjoyable text to help bring the concepts alive and make them understandable to the average reader. This book will have a tremendous impact upon teachers, students, and the mathematics education of the general public. With the forthcoming companion materials, including four books on strategic classroom activities and lessons with interactive computer software, this package will be unparalleled.

Fractals for the Classroom breaks new ground as it brings an exciting branch of mathematics into the classroom. The book is a collection of independent chapters on the major concepts related to the science and mathematics of fractals. Written at the mathematical level of an advanced secondary student, Fractals for the Classroom includes many fascinating insights for the classroom teacher and integrates illustrations from a wide variety of applications with an enjoyable text to help bring the concepts alive and make them understandable to the average reader. This book will have a tremendous impact upon teachers, students, and the mathematics education of the general public. With the forthcoming companion materials, including four books on strategic classroom activities and lessons with interactive computer software, this package will be unparalleled.

For almost 15 years chaos and fractals have been riding a wave that has enveloped many areas of mathematics and the natural sciences in its power, creativity and expanse. Traveling far beyond the traditional bounds of mathematics and science to the distant shores of popular culture, this wave captures the attention and enthusiasm of a worldwide audience. The fourteen chapters of this book cover the central ideas and concepts of chaos and fractals as well as many related topics including: the Mandelbrot Set, Julia Sets, Cellulair Automata, L- systems, Percolation and Strange Attractors. Each chapter is closed by a "Program of the Chapter" which provides computer code for a central experiment. Two appendices complement the book. The first, by Yuval Fisher, discusses the details and ideas of fractal images and compression; the second, by Carl J.G. Evertsz and Benoit Mandelbrot, introduces the foundations and implications of multifractals.

The same factors that motivated the writing of our first volume of strategic activities on fractals continued to encourage the assembly of additional activities for this second volume. Fractals provide a setting wherein students can enjoy hands-on experiences that involve important mathematical content connected to a wide range of physical and social phenomena. The striking graphic images, unexpected geometric properties, and fascinating numerical processes offer unparalleled opportunity for enthusiastic student inquiry. Students sense the vigor present in the growing and highly integrative discipline of fractal geom­ etry as they are introduced to mathematical developments that have occurred during the last half of the twentieth century. Few branches of mathematics and computer science offer such a contem­ porary portrayal of the wonderment available in careful analysis, in the amazing dialogue between numeric and geometric processes, and in the energetic interaction between mathematics and other disciplines. Fractals continue to supply an uncommon setting for animated teaching and learn­ ing activities that focus upon fundamental mathematical concepts, connections, problem-solving techniques, and many other major topics of elementary and advanced mathematics. It remains our hope that, through this second volume of strategic activities, readers will find their enjoyment of mathematics heightened and their appreciation for the dynamics of the world in­ creased. We want experiences with fractals to enliven curiosity and to stretch the imagination.

This book provides an overview of current research in the fascinating, interdisciplinary field of computer science and sports. It includes papers from the 11th International Symposium on Computer Science in Sport (IACSS 2017), which took place in Constance, Germany, on September 6–9, 2017. The papers represent the state of the art in utilizing the latest developments in computer science to support coaches and athletes. The book covers a broad range of topics, reflecting the diversity of the field.  It presents three categories of papers: those on concepts in informatics like modeling, virtual reality, simulation; those describing applications of computer science in sports like running, volleyball, water polo, and football; and contributions discussing the impact of computer science in sports federations and universities.

In den letzten Jahren hat sich der Workshop "Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin" durch erfolgreiche Veranstaltungen etabliert. In übersichtlicher Form das breite Spektrum universitärer und industrieller Anwendung und Forschung dargestellt. Dieser Band enthält ca. 100 Beiträge u.a. zu folgenden Themen: Atlanten und anatomische Modelle; Bildanalyse; computergestützte Chirurgie, Therapie und OP-Planung; Bildrekonstruktion; Visualisierung und 3D-Interaktion; Registrierung und Landmarkenfindung; Simulation; Mustererkennung; Segmentierung; Bildfilterung, Kompression und Korrektur.

Das Buch gibt einen Querschnitt durch das Spektrum der Anwendungen der Computergraphik in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. Dabei werden auch neue computergraphische Algorithmen, komplexe Anwenderpakete und sogar Hardwarelösungen diskutiert. Die Beiträge in diesem Band, die auf Vorträgen der ersten Bremer Computer-Graphik-Tage vom Juli 1988 basieren, sind entsprechend vielfältig: Sie reichen von der Berechnung und Visualisierung mathematischer Objekte und Fraktale über Probleme des Medical Imaging bei der Darstellung volumetrischer Daten, Untersuchungen von Oberflächentexturen für Bildsynthese bis hin zur Diskussion verschiedener Ansätze der Parallelisierung computergraphischer Algorithmen. Bei der Darstellung neuer Lösungswege für komplexe Probleme der Visualisierung wurde besonderer Wert auf die praktischen Details gelegt, so daß der interessierte Leser diese Lösungen auch in einer eigenen Implementierung nachvollziehen kann.

Das vorliegende Arbeitsbuch ist Teil eines Paketes von verschiedenen Materialien, die das Ziel haben, das Thema Chaos und Fraktale in den mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht einzuführen. Ein weiteres Anliegen besteht darin, das mentale Bild von Mathematik im Bewußtsein der Schüler attraktiver zu gestalten. Mathematik ist die Antwort des Menschen auf die Komplexität der Welt. Mathematik ist die Ordnungsmacht im Dschungel der Phänomene. Deshalb ist Mathematik le­ bendig, frisch und aktuell. Deshalb gibt es zwischen einzelnen Teilgebieten und Ergebnissen der Mathematik immer wieder überraschende Querverbindungen, die oft das Verständnis einer Sache erst wirklich erhellen. Und deshalb bietet es sich an, durch entdeckendes, explorierendes Lernen die Anziehungskraft dieser Eigenschaften der Mathematik im Unterricht auszunutzen. Chaos und Fraktale bieten hierfür eine besondere neue Chance. Beide sind jung und aktuell und belegen so ohne weiteres, daß Mathematik lebt. Für beide gilt, daß einige ihrer schrittmachenden Entdeckungen nicht ohne Hilfe von Computern möglich gewesen wären. Damit rücken faszinie­ rende Computerexperimente natürlich in den Mittelpunkt. Beide sind hochgradig interdisziplinär. Dieses heißt, daß gehaltvolle Anwendungen nicht erst mühsam konstruiert werden müssen. Beide behandeln Themen, die von sich aus wirken. Tatsächlich durchlaufen seit Ende der siebziger Jahre Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften eine Welle, die in ihrer Kraft, Kreativität und Weiträumigkeit längst ein interdisziplinäres Ereignis er­ sten Ranges geworden ist. Das andauernde Interesse innerhalb und außerhalb der Wissenschaften ist in einer aufrüttelnden Betroffenheit begründet, die eine radikale Wende in dem überkommenen naturwissenschaftlichenWeltbild und manchen überdehnten Interpretationen ankündigt.

In den letzten Jahren hat sich der Workshop "Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin" durch erfolgreiche Veranstaltungen etabliert. In übersichtlicher Form das breite Spektrum universitärer und industrieller Anwendung und Forschung dargestellt. Dieser Band enthält ca. 100 Beiträge u.a. zu folgenden Themen: Atlanten und anatomische Modelle; Bildanalyse; computergestützte Chirurgie, Therapie und OP-Planung; Bildrekonstruktion; Visualisierung und 3D-Interaktion; Registrierung und Landmarkenfindung; Simulation; Mustererkennung; Segmentierung; Bildfilterung, Kompression und Korrektur.

Das Buch gibt einen Querschnitt durch das Spektrum der Anwendungen der Computergraphik in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. Dabei werden auch neue computergraphische Algorithmen, komplexe Anwenderpakete und sogar Hardwarelösungen diskutiert. Die Beiträge in diesem Band, die auf Vorträgen der ersten Bremer Computer-Graphik-Tage vom Juli 1988 basieren, sind entsprechend vielfältig: Sie reichen von der Berechnung und Visualisierung mathematischer Objekte und Fraktale über Probleme des Medical Imaging bei der Darstellung volumetrischer Daten, Untersuchungen von Oberflächentexturen für Bildsynthese bis hin zur Diskussion verschiedener Ansätze der Parallelisierung computergraphischer Algorithmen. Bei der Darstellung neuer Lösungswege für komplexe Probleme der Visualisierung wurde besonderer Wert auf die praktischen Details gelegt, so daß der interessierte Leser diese Lösungen auch in einer eigenen Implementierung nachvollziehen kann.