Dietrich E. Wolf - Böcker

This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference in traffic and granular research alike. It addresses new developments at the borderline between physics, engineering and computational science. Complex systems, where many simple agents, be it vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic, long range interactions, two-phase flow, nonlinear pattern formation, data acquisition and technological applications.

During the last decade physicists, engineers and computer scientists have joined in an enormously fruitful dialogue about traffic and granular flow. Cars and sand grains have in common, that they interact irreversibly, which is the reason for similar jamming phenomena. The main difference is that car drivers choose their destination and route individually, while grains follow external driving forces. This book gives an overview about the progress in modelling, computer simulation, experiments and field observations, which was reached within the last two years. The contributions are based on the International Workshop Traffic and Granular Flow '01, which took place in Nagoya, 15 - 17 October 2001. Topics include a critical classification of models for highway traffic, new technological applications, friction and arching phenomena in pedestrian traffic, scale free networks and internet traffic, instabilities and fluctuations in avalanches and granular pipe flow.

This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference in traffic and granular research alike. It addresses new developments at the borderline between physics, engineering and computational science. Complex systems, where many simple agents, be it vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic, long range interactions, two-phase flow, nonlinear pattern formation, data acquisition and technological applications.

During the last decade physicists, engineers and computer scientists have joined in an enormously fruitful dialogue about traffic and granular flow. Cars and sand grains have in common, that they interact irreversibly, which is the reason for similar jamming phenomena. The main difference is that car drivers choose their destination and route individually, while grains follow external driving forces. This book gives an overview about the progress in modelling, computer simulation, experiments and field observations, which was reached within the last two years. The contributions are based on the International Workshop Traffic and Granular Flow '01, which took place in Nagoya, 15 - 17 October 2001. Topics include a critical classification of models for highway traffic, new technological applications, friction and arching phenomena in pedestrian traffic, scale free networks and internet traffic, instabilities and fluctuations in avalanches and granular pipe flow.

These truly interdisciplinary conference proceedings give an account of modern brain research. The whole range from the molecular to the systemic level is spanned. The book intends to stimulate the use of supercomputers, for analyzing and comparing images obtained with PET (positron emission tomography), MEG (magnetoencephalography or fNMR (functional magnetic resonance imaging), or for simulating neural networks. The book also offers a basis on which scientists from different disciplines can assess the current state of the field.

Prediction of traffic (like weather forecast), its planning and control are counted among the great scientific and technological challenges. Similarly, flow of granular material like tablets or powders is of immense importance for industrial processing of solids. Both fields have intriguing conceptual analogies.From 9-11 October, 1995, the German Supercomputing Center HLRZ (Höchstleitungsrechenzentrum) at the research center Jülich (KFA) organized an international workshop "Traffic and Granular Flow". The purpose of this workshop was to promote the interaction between these two scientific fields, to which supercomputing is making essential contributions, and to stimulate the transfer between basic and applied research.

This volume contains the proceedings of an interdisciplinary meeting which attracted participants from the fields of physics, engineering, applied mathematics, and geology. The subjects covered range from microscopic theories of friction to large-scale stick-slip motion in earthquakes, with static and dynamic aspects of granular material in between. The main emphasis is on computational aspects, but experiments and basic theoretical concepts are also covered.