Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary – författare

The rapid and sustained economic growth of the past two decades has led to marked increases in energy demand in the region and developing Asia will continue to lead the energy demand growth. The increase in energy demand threatens energy security and efforts to curb carbon dioxide emissions, affecting health and social well-being. These common energy challenges will need to be addressed through concerted efforts. This book provides several multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the relationship between energy and other subjects including but not limited to income and economic growth, environment and health, food and agricultural production. The book also provides the most constructive policy recommendations concerning the relationship between energy, economic development, social development, and environmental development.

The rapid and sustained economic growth of the past two decades has led to marked increases in energy demand in the region and developing Asia will continue to lead the energy demand growth. The increase in energy demand threatens energy security and efforts to curb carbon dioxide emissions, affecting health and social well-being. These common energy challenges will need to be addressed through concerted efforts. This book provides several multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the relationship between energy and other subjects including but not limited to income and economic growth, environment and health, food and agricultural production. The book also provides the most constructive policy recommendations concerning the relationship between energy, economic development, social development, and environmental development.

The Role of Green and Transition Finance in Achieving Carbon Neutrality and SustainableEnergy offers a thorough yet accessible exploration of a vital, often overlooked aspect of the energy transition. Authored by leading experts, this book is organized into three sections: fundamentals of green and transition finance, their role in achieving carbon neutrality and ESG goals, and the policies that drive the energy transition.Readers will gain insights into financial instruments and mechanisms influencing global financial markets and the energy sector, focusing on ESG factors. This book covers strategies that support sustainable, green, and net-zero innovations and includes diverse tools, case studies, and global perspectives to help readers design policies, model outcomes, and track progress.From foundational theory to complex, country-level case studies, this book is an essential guide for students, policymakers, and researchers in energy and financial markets. Written in clear, policy-oriented language, it suits readers from diverse backgrounds.Includes global, regional, and country-level case studies, breaking down complexscenarios for practical learningPresents empirical work examples and study questions to support independentimplementationGuides the reader from fundamental financial instruments to the complex contextof energy markets and their potential for accelerating the energy transition

A robust and efficient tax administration in a modern tax system requires effective tax policies and legislation. Policy frameworks should cover all aspects of tax administration and include the essential processes of capturing, processing, analyzing, and responding to information provided by taxpayers and others concerning taxpayers’ affairs. By far the greatest challenges facing tax administrations in all countries are those posed by the continuing developments in the digital economy. Whereas societies are grappling to come to terms with the transitions from the third industrial or digital revolutions, revenue authorities grapple with the consequences for the sustainability of their tax bases and the efficient administration and collection of taxes. This book presents a critical review of the status of tax systems in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the digital economy. The book suggests how countries can maximize their domestic resource mobilization when confronted by the challenges that digitalization inevitably produces, as well as how they can best harness or take advantage of aspects of digitalization to serve their own needs. The full implications of the COVID-19 crisis are still too uncertain to predict, but it is clear that the crisis will accelerate the trend towards digitalization and also increase pressures on public finances. This, in turn, may shape the preference for, and the nature of, both multilateral and unilateral responses to the tax challenges posed by digitalization and the need to address them.This book will be a timely reference for those researching on taxation in digital economy and for policy makers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www .taylorfrancis .com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

A robust and efficient tax administration in a modern tax system requires effective tax policies and legislation. Policy frameworks should cover all aspects of tax administration and include the essential processes of capturing, processing, analyzing, and responding to information provided by taxpayers and others concerning taxpayers’ affairs. By far the greatest challenges facing tax administrations in all countries are those posed by the continuing developments in the digital economy. Whereas societies are grappling to come to terms with the transitions from the third industrial or digital revolutions, revenue authorities grapple with the consequences for the sustainability of their tax bases and the efficient administration and collection of taxes. This book presents a critical review of the status of tax systems in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the digital economy. The book suggests how countries can maximize their domestic resource mobilization when confronted by the challenges that digitalization inevitably produces, as well as how they can best harness or take advantage of aspects of digitalization to serve their own needs. The full implications of the COVID-19 crisis are still too uncertain to predict, but it is clear that the crisis will accelerate the trend towards digitalization and also increase pressures on public finances. This, in turn, may shape the preference for, and the nature of, both multilateral and unilateral responses to the tax challenges posed by digitalization and the need to address them.This book will be a timely reference for those researching on taxation in digital economy and for policy makers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www .taylorfrancis .com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Innovative businesses and startups contribute to job creation, economic growth, and technological advancement in most countries. Finance helps nurture innovative firms like startups. Unfortunately, most startups and innovative projects cannot secure finance through the usual and conventional methods.This book goes beyond traditional financing to explore innovative ways to help finance startups and novel businesses. The book covers institutional innovation, innovation in products and processes, and the recent progress in financial innovations in various countries through empirical and case studies. It gives an in-depth look at regulatory, policy frameworks, and risk assessments for financial innovations. It also assesses the role of various innovations, including Fintech, machine learning, big data, scoring models, credit databases, digital platforms, credit guarantees in funding startups, and novel technologies.This book offers valuable insights into how policymakers can nurture a more conducive ecosystem for startups and technologies through innovative finance.

Innovative businesses and startups contribute to job creation, economic growth, and technological advancement in most countries. Finance helps nurture innovative firms like startups. Unfortunately, most startups and innovative projects cannot secure finance through the usual and conventional methods.This book goes beyond traditional financing to explore innovative ways to help finance startups and novel businesses. The book covers institutional innovation, innovation in products and processes, and the recent progress in financial innovations in various countries through empirical and case studies. It gives an in-depth look at regulatory, policy frameworks, and risk assessments for financial innovations. It also assesses the role of various innovations, including Fintech, machine learning, big data, scoring models, credit databases, digital platforms, credit guarantees in funding startups, and novel technologies.This book offers valuable insights into how policymakers can nurture a more conducive ecosystem for startups and technologies through innovative finance.

There is limited access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to bank credit. This book proposes new and sustainable models to help ease the access of SMEs to finance and boost economic growth and job creation in Asia. This book looks at the difficulties of SMEs in accessing finance and suggests ways on how to mitigate these challenges. It suggests how we can develop credit information infrastructures for SMEs to remedy the asymmetric information problem and to utilize credit rating techniques for the development of a sustainable credit guarantee scheme.The book provides illustrations of various Asian economies that implemented credit guarantee schemes and credit risk databases and is a useful reference for lessons and policy recommendations.

ASEAN’s real gross domestic product (GDP) had declined sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic downturn and the uncertainty about the future reduced the new investments in green projects drastically. Besides this, many governments rolled back environmental regulations and taxes and increased fossil-fuel intensive infrastructure and electricity to stimulate economic growth. Post-Pandemic Green Recovery in ASEAN consists of several empirical studies using fresh data, with regional and country-level perspectives on ways to keep the greenness of the economic recovery plans. The chapters look at various aspects and sectors, including tourism, infrastructure, energy, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), employment, and livelihood, by assessing the effectiveness of various tools and instruments, including green finance, carbon taxation, green Sukuk, credit guarantee, cash transfer payment, power purchase agreements, and the related policies. They also provide practical policy recommendations useful for the ASEAN member states and other developing regions for the green recovery in the post-pandemic. Reiterating the importance of green and low-carbon mechanisms and climate change tackling policies besides the usual economic recovery strategies, this book is a precious resource for the researchers of economics, finance, ASEAN and Asian studies, and policymakers.

ASEAN’s real gross domestic product (GDP) had declined sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic downturn and the uncertainty about the future reduced the new investments in green projects drastically. Besides this, many governments rolled back environmental regulations and taxes and increased fossil-fuel intensive infrastructure and electricity to stimulate economic growth. Post-Pandemic Green Recovery in ASEAN consists of several empirical studies using fresh data, with regional and country-level perspectives on ways to keep the greenness of the economic recovery plans. The chapters look at various aspects and sectors, including tourism, infrastructure, energy, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), employment, and livelihood, by assessing the effectiveness of various tools and instruments, including green finance, carbon taxation, green Sukuk, credit guarantee, cash transfer payment, power purchase agreements, and the related policies. They also provide practical policy recommendations useful for the ASEAN member states and other developing regions for the green recovery in the post-pandemic. Reiterating the importance of green and low-carbon mechanisms and climate change tackling policies besides the usual economic recovery strategies, this book is a precious resource for the researchers of economics, finance, ASEAN and Asian studies, and policymakers.

Green Finance and Renewable Energy in ASEAN and East Asia edited by Phoumin, Taghizadeh-Hesary and Kimura provides several empirical policy-oriented studies with new data on ASEAN member states and East Asian economies that deal with innovative and market-based solutions for unlocking private investments in renewable energy projects. In the wake of COVID-19, the importance of innovative ways and policies for enhancing investments in renewable energy projects to achieve climate-related goals is highlighted. Chapters cover various aspects and means of green finance for renewable energy development, including identifying the financing barriers and solutions for mitigating them, cleantech finance and energy transition, green investment risks, green technology financing, market development, carbon taxation, green bonds, FinTech, and green digital finance. The book collectively provides policy recommendations for designing funding strategies for renewable energy development in ASEAN and East Asia. A valuable resource to end-users, policymakers, and market players in ASEAN, East Asia, and the rest of the world on access to finance for renewable energy development.

Green Finance and Renewable Energy in ASEAN and East Asia edited by Phoumin, Taghizadeh-Hesary and Kimura provides several empirical policy-oriented studies with new data on ASEAN member states and East Asian economies that deal with innovative and market-based solutions for unlocking private investments in renewable energy projects. In the wake of COVID-19, the importance of innovative ways and policies for enhancing investments in renewable energy projects to achieve climate-related goals is highlighted. Chapters cover various aspects and means of green finance for renewable energy development, including identifying the financing barriers and solutions for mitigating them, cleantech finance and energy transition, green investment risks, green technology financing, market development, carbon taxation, green bonds, FinTech, and green digital finance. The book collectively provides policy recommendations for designing funding strategies for renewable energy development in ASEAN and East Asia. A valuable resource to end-users, policymakers, and market players in ASEAN, East Asia, and the rest of the world on access to finance for renewable energy development.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of Islamic finance and sustainability, showcasing how Islamic financial instruments can support environmentally sustainable initiatives.It delves into recent efforts to develop a Shariah-compliant financial and banking system that is sustainable, efficient, and stable. Contributors focus on Islamic financial products and tools, highlighting their potential to advance environmental sustainability. The discussions are organized around key themes, including the principles of sustainability in Islamic finance, risk assessment and mitigation, the Islamic stock market and sustainability, Green Fintech in Islamic banking and finance, and Green Sukuk in developing and emerging markets. The book addresses how Islamic finance can bridge the gap in green financing globally. Particular emphasis is placed on Green Sukuk, a Shariah-compliant bond created to fund environmentally sustainable projects, including those aimed at combating climate change and promoting ecological conservation.This comprehensive volume on Islamic finance and sustainability will be invaluable for policymakers, researchers, and academics interested in Islamic economics and finance, sustainable finance, and the green economy.

This book explores empirical studies and policies related to green finance and low-carbon technology development through country-level case studies and regional analyses across East and Southeast Asia.Contributors explore how countries such as China, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam are leveraging green finance to advance their energy transitions and pursue carbon neutrality. The chapters examine regional efforts across East and Southeast Asia, with a focus on green technology innovation, green bond ecosystems, and renewable energy investments. By highlighting the role of green finance—including financial instruments, mechanisms, and policy frameworks—the book emphasizes the importance of coordinated efforts in promoting sustainable energy solutions and reducing carbon emissions.With valuable insights into effective practices for achieving global sustainability goals, this book will interest researchers of finance, energy economics, environmental economics, and policy.

This book investigates how countries in ASEAN and East Asia are designing, implementing, and evolving their carbon markets to meet growing climate commitments, while also examining opportunities for regional market linkage and policy harmonization.The book is split into three sections: developments in ASEAN countries, comparative experiences, and regional integration. Contributors provide country analyses on carbon pricing policies, from carbon taxes to emerging emissions trading frameworks, and consider factors that impede policy outcomes. They also consider a range of international examples, including Australia’s safeguard mechanism, Japan’s carbon pricing initiative, and the2030 NDC framework. Drawing upon lessons from other countries and regions, the text assesses ASEAN’s readiness for market interoperability and regional linkages.Of interest to scholars of climate finance, energy and climate economics, this book will also be useful for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to strengthen climate governance and advance coordinated, effective carbon pricing strategies in Asia and the Pacific.

There is limited access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to bank credit. This book proposes new and sustainable models to help ease the access of SMEs to finance and boost economic growth and job creation in Asia. This book looks at the difficulties of SMEs in accessing finance and suggests ways on how to mitigate these challenges. It suggests how we can develop credit information infrastructures for SMEs to remedy the asymmetric information problem and to utilize credit rating techniques for the development of a sustainable credit guarantee scheme.The book provides illustrations of various Asian economies that implemented credit guarantee schemes and credit risk databases and is a useful reference for lessons and policy recommendations.

With a sharp focus on sustainability, this book offers a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between economics and the evolving energy landscape. Editors Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Ehsan Rasoulinezhad and Naoyuki Yoshino bring together a diverse range of authors to address emerging priorities in the energy sector, such as sustainability, transitions and energy security.Offering valuable insights, this book provides readers with a holistic understanding of the economic implications and opportunities inherent in sustainable energy practice. Chapter authors cover important facets of modern energy economics, including topics such as renewable energy, energy transitions, electricity markets, energy security, finance and investment. Providing a thorough assessment of the present research landscape, the book also explores significant trends and contemporary issues, drawing from state-of-the-art discussions.This is an invigorating read for energy economics researchers, as well as economics and finance scholars more broadly. Policymakers and energy analysts will also greatly benefit from the book’s focus on sustainability, transitions and security.

While oil price fluctuations in the past can be explained by pure supply factors, this book argues that it is monetary policy that plays a significant role in setting global oil prices. It is a key factor often neglected in much of the earlier literature on the determinants of asset prices, including oil prices. However, this book presents a framework for modeling oil prices while incorporating monetary policy. It also provides a complete theoretical basis of the determinants of crude oil prices and the transmission channels of oil shocks to the economy. Moreover, using several up-to-date surveys and examples from the real world, this book gives insight into the empirical side of energy economics. The empirical studies offer explanations for the impact of monetary policy on crude oil prices in different periods including during the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008–2009, the impact of oil price variations on developed and emerging economies, the effectiveness of monetary policy in the Japanese economy incorporating energy prices, and the macroeconomic impacts of oil price movements in trade-linked cases. This must-know information on energyeconomics is presented in a reader-friendly format without being overloaded with excessive and complicated calculations. enUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>

While oil price fluctuations in the past can be explained by pure supply factors, this book argues that it is monetary policy that plays a significant role in setting global oil prices.

This book discusses Japan’s long-term economic recession and provides remedies for that recession that are useful for other Asian economies. The book addresses why Japan’s economy has stagnated since the bursting of its economic bubble in the 1990s. Its empirical analysis challenges the beliefs of some economists, such as Paul Krugman, that the Japanese economy is caught in a liquidity trap. This book argues that Japan’s economic stagnation stems from a vertical “investment–saving” (IS) curve rather than a liquidity trap. The impact of fiscal policy has declined drastically, and the Japanese economy faces structural problems rather than a temporary downturn. These structural problems have many causes: an aging demographic (a problem that is frequently overlooked), an over-reliance by local governments on transfers from the central government, and Basel capital requirements that have made Japanese banks reluctant to lend money to start-up businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises. This latter issue has discouraged Japanese innovation and technological progress. All these issues are addressed empirically and theoretically, and several remedies for Japan’s long-lasting recession are provided. This volume will be of interest to researchers and policy makers not only in Japan but also the People’s Republic of China, many countries in the eurozone, and the United States, which may face similar challenges in the future.

This book presents a critical review of the status of energy security in Asia and suggests how a country or a region collectively can achieve energy security in two broad aspects. First, it analyzes how regional cooperation and energy trade can enhance energy security in the region. Second, it reviews how energy security can be ensured in national and regional general contexts. From the reviews and analyses, this book asserts that diversification and integration are key to ensuring energy security. It presents policy implications for enhancing energy security, especially in resource-rich as well as resource-poor developing countries in Asia.

Successful startups and small businesses can play a significant role in economic growth and job creation. They also contribute to economic dynamism by spurring innovation and injecting competition. Startups are known to introduce new products and services that can create new value in the economy. It is notable that most startups exit within their first ten years, and most surviving young businesses do not grow but remain small. Startups and small businesses face several obstacles to their development. Accessing capital is a crucial constraint on their growth. Most startups and small businesses have difficulties getting the funds they need because of their lack of a performance track record and lack of collateral, making it difficult for lenders or investors to assess their risk. Besides, they are in the early stages of development and face a very high possibility of failure, which significantly raises financing and investment risk.Investment in Startups and Small Business Financing provides 12 thematic and case studies on new methods for bringing private investment (loans or equity) to startups and easing small businesses' access to finance (debt and capital). The contributors are senior-level policy experts and researchers from governments, think tanks, academia, and international organizations. The chapters are authored in a policy-oriented way to be understandable for the readers with a different background. This book is a precious source for the governments for adopting the right policies to develop small businesses and startups and valuable for the researchers in economics, business, and finance.

The electricity sector's reforms aim to modernise its infrastructure, rules, policies, and procedures to allow for more efficiency and for clean energy to have the same playing field in the power competition/wholesale/retail electricity market. This will enable inefficient power to be phased out gradually. Over the past 2 decades, there has been remarkable progress in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) electricity markets that has increased the electrification ratio substantially; however, it has not achieved free market competition, universal electrification, and emission reduction plans. ASEAN aims to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030.Electricity Market Reforms in ASEAN, China, India, and Japan provides 10 empirical studies investigating and evaluating the electricity market reforms in Southeast Asia, China, India, and Japan. The book analyses the electricity market policy reform plans, market liberalisation, tariff reform, electricity trade, renewable energy integration, resource allocation, and the sustainability of the electricity market in the region and these countries. It provides policy recommendations to foster the reforms and increase market efficiency.

This handbook deals with various financial instruments, policies, and strategies in a policy-oriented approach for financing green energy projects. Recently, global investment in renewables and energy efficiency has declined, and there is a risk that it will slow further, Clearly, fossil fuels still dominate energy investments. This trend could threaten the expansion of green energy needed to meet energy security, climate, and clean-air goals. Several developed and developing economies are still following pro-coal energy policies. The extra CO2 generated from new coal-fired power plants could more than eliminate any reductions in emissions made by other nations.Finance is the engine of development of infrastructural projects, including energy projects. By providing several thematic and country chapters, this handbook explains that if we plan to achieve sustainable development goals, we need to create opportunities for new green projects and scale up the financing of investments that furnish environmental benefits. New financial instruments and policies such as green bonds, green banks, carbon market instruments, fiscal policy, green central banking, fintech, and community-based green funds are among the chief components that make up green finance.Naoyuki Yoshino is Dean, Asian Development Bank Institute and Professor Emeritus, Keio University. Jeffery Sachs is Director, Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University. Wing Thye Woo is Professor of Economics, U.C. Davis. Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary is Assistant Professor, Waseda University.

This book discusses Japan’s long-term economic recession and provides remedies for that recession that are useful for other Asian economies.

This book analyzes state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which are still significant players in many Asian economies. They provide essential public services, build and operate key infrastructure, and are often reservoirs of public employment. Their characteristics and inherent competitive advantages as publicly owned enterprises allow them to play these critical roles. Their weaknesses in governance and inefficiencies in incentive structures, however, also often lead to poor performance.SOEs must be efficient, transparent, and accountable to level the playing field for private companies, secure the growth of a vibrant private sector, and achieve sustained and inclusive economic growth. This book analyzes the reform of SOEs in Asia, the results of which are mixed.The volume concludes that some key conditions generally need to be met for SOE reforms to be successful: national bureaucracies must have the capacity to implement the reforms, and adverse impacts on international trade and investment must be avoided.

This book analyzes state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which are still significant players in many Asian economies. They provide essential public services, build and operate key infrastructure, and are often reservoirs of public employment. Their characteristics and inherent competitive advantages as publicly owned enterprises allow them to play these critical roles. Their weaknesses in governance and inefficiencies in incentive structures, however, also often lead to poor performance.SOEs must be efficient, transparent, and accountable to level the playing field for private companies, secure the growth of a vibrant private sector, and achieve sustained and inclusive economic growth. This book analyzes the reform of SOEs in Asia, the results of which are mixed.The volume concludes that some key conditions generally need to be met for SOE reforms to be successful: national bureaucracies must have the capacity to implement the reforms, and adverse impacts on international trade and investment must be avoided.

This book provides practical policy recommendations that are useful for developing Asia and for accelerating poverty reduction plans in the rest of the world. Poverty reduction, inclusive growth, and sustainable development are inseparable, and poverty reduction is the premise for sustainable development.